Transcript The Lithosphere

The Lithosphere
Ms. Woodard
Day 1
• Objective:
–I can explain how the Earth is
structured
–I can explain how the material of earth
is changed
Layers of the Earth
• Defined by
composition
• 3 Major Zones
– ___________
– ___________
– ___________
The Crust
• Thin, rocky outer
layer
• Either ________ or
________________
– Oceanic is 7-km
thick
– Continental is 8-75
km thick
The Mantle
• 82% of Earth’s
volume
• 2890-km thick
• _________________
_________________
_______
• _________________
_________________
The Core
• Composed of an
_______________
• Extreme ________
found at the
______
Layers Based on Physical
Properties
• ______________
– Crust and upper-most
mantle
– ________________
– 100-km thick
• _______________
– Below the Lithosphere
– Soft, comparatively
weak layer
– ___________________
• Outer Core
– ___________
– 2260-km thick
– ___________ flow
creates Earth’s
magnetic field
• Inner Core
– _____________
– Radius of 1220-km
– High ____________
– High ____________
– Mostly __________
What is a ROCK?
• Solid mass of
________ or mineral
matter that naturally
occurs as part of our
planet
• Three types
– _______________
– _______________
– _______________
Types of
Rocks
• ________________
– Forms when lava or
magma cools
• ________________
– When existing rocks are
broken down into pieces
then compacted and
cemented together
• ________________
– When existing rocks are
changed by heat and
pressure
What is the ROCK CYCLE?
• Origin of the three
basic rocks and
interrelatedness of
Earth’s materials
and processes
Rock Cycle
DAY 2
• Objective:
–I can explain about the theory of plate
tectonics
–I can describe plate interactions
What is Continental Drift?
• Proposed by_______
___________
• Stated that the
continents had once
been joined to form a
_________________
• Supercontinent was
called __________
What did the
Theory Say?
• Occurred ________
years ago
• Pangaea broke apart
___________ years
ago
• Continents “_______”
(moved) to present
positions
• Continents “_______”
through the oceans
• North America and
Africa split
__________years ago
Evidence of
Continental
Drift
• __________ look like
they fit together
• Same fossil organisms
found on __________
_____________
• Several __________
end at one coastline,
only to reappear on a
land mass across the
ocean
• Ancient Climates relate
The Theory of Plate Tectonics
• Earth’s outer shell
consists of
________ ______
• Plates interact in
various ways when
they move
Plate Boundary Activities
•
•
•
•
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
Earth’s Major Plates
• Top 7
– African
– Antarctic
– Eurasian
– Australian-Indian
– North American
– Pacific
– Southern American
• Other Plates
– Arabian
– Caribbean
– Cocos
– Nazca
– Phillippine
– Scotia
DAY 3
• Objective
–I can explain how the plates
interact with each other
Types of Plate Boundaries
• ________
Boundary
• ________
Boundary
• ______________
Boundary
Divergent Plate Boundary
• When two plates _____
_________
• Also called spreading
centers
• New crust is created
(mainly seafloor)
– Known as ______
_______ __________
• Causes ___________
and __________ (on
continents)
Convergent Plate Boundary
• Two places move
towards each other
• 3 versions
– __________________
– __________________
– __________________
Oceanic-Continental
Convergent Boundary
• ____________goes
beneath the
________________
• Causes
– __________ zones
– Trenches
– Continental Volcanic
arcs (ex: The Andes)
Vocabulary
• ____________ – sites of • ____________- chain of
high rates of volcanism,
volcanoes positioned in
earthquakes, and
an arc shape
mountain building
Continental-Continental
Convergent Boundary
• Two plates
___________
plates collide
• Causes Mountains
to forms
– Ex: Appalachians,
Himalayas, Alps
Oceanic-Oceanic
Convergent Boundary
• One _________
plate goes beneath
another _________
plate
• Causes Volcanic
Island Arc
– Ex: Aleutian Islands
Transform Fault Plate
Boundary
• Two plates _____
past each other
• No __________ or
_____________of
lithosphere
• Causes Earthquakes
– Ex: San Francisco
DAY 4
• Objective:
–I can explain how faults differ
–I can explain the relation between
boundaries and plate tectonics
What Causes Plate Movement?
• _______________
– The circulation of
magma that
pushes & pulls
plates
• Driving Force is
_________
What is a Fault?
• ________ in Earth
where movement
has taken place
• Most times near
Plate Boundaries
Parts of a Fault
• _____________
– Rock above the
fault line
• ____________
– Rock below the
fault line
What are the types of Faults?
• ________
• ________
• ________
• ________
Types of Faults
• _____________
– Occurs when the
hanging wall block
moves down relative
to the footwall block
• _______________
– Occurs when the
hanging wall block
moves up relative to
the footwall block
• ______________
– A reverse fault with
dips of less than 45
degrees
• ________________
– Movement is
horizontal and
parallel trend of the
fault surface
Evidence of Plate Tectonics
1. ______________
– Most persuasive
evidence
– Ancient magnetism
found in the rocks
– Records show a
shift in the poles
2. _________________
– Connection between
deep-focus earthquakes
and ocean trenches
3. _______________
– Young rocks are
near ocean ridge
crest
– Oldest rocks are
near the continental
margins
4. ________________
– A concentration of
heat in the mantle
capable of
producing magma,
which rises to
Earth’s surface
– Supports that the
plates move over
Earth’s surface
– Ex: Hawaiian Island
Chain