Transcript Warm- up Question Draw: A divergent, convergent

Chapter 5 pages 82 - 93
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Warm up
 Define deformation
Exit
 Explain how isostatic adjustment works
Objectives
 We will be able to predict isostatic adjustments that
will result from changes in the thickness of the
earth’s crust.
Homework
 Chapter 5 Vocabulary – Define terms – give a fact
 Read pages 82-93
Vocabulary Chapter 5; define and write
sentence or draw
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Deformation
Isostasy
Isostatic adjustment
Stress
Strain
Compression
Tension
Shearing
Folding
anticline
syncline
Monocline
Fault
fracture
Hanging wall
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footwall
Normal fault
Reverse fault
Thrust fault
Strike-slip fault
Mountain belt
Mountain range
Mountain system
Plateau
Volcanic mountain
Graben
Folded mountain
Dome mountain
Fault-block mountain
Fault PLane
California Science Content
Standards Covered:
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Plate tectonics operating over geologic
time has changed the patterns of land,
sea, and mountains on Earth's surface. As
the basis for understanding this concept:
3C: Students know how to explain the physical
properties of rocks based on the physical and
chemical conditions in which they were formed,
including plate tectonic processes
Objectives chapter 5.1
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predict isostatic adjustments that will
result from changes in the thickness of the
earth’s crust.
Identify sources of stress in crustal rock.
predict isostatic adjustments that will result
from changes in the thickness of the earth’s
crust.
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The principle of isostatic adjustment
 When the crust becomes heavier, it sinks; when it
becomes lighter, it rises
Stress is the amount of force per unit area that is
placed on a given materials. Stress causes strain
Strain is a change in the shape or volume of rock
predict isostatic adjustments that will result from
changes in the thickness of the earth’s crust.
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Isostasy is the balancing of two forces
Ex: Two block floating in the water
When it comes to the Earth’s crust, a landform (e.g. a
mountain, glacier) can cause the lithosphere to BEND – this
bending is called an ISOSTATIC ADJUSTMENT
predict isostatic adjustments that will result from
changes in the thickness of the earth’s crust.
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As ISOSTATIC ADJUSTMENTS occur, the crust is
bent – thus the DEFORMATION OF THE CRUST
Examples: Mountain ranges, rivers, glaciers
Identify sources of stress in
crustal rock.
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2 causes of STRESS
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Isostatic Adjustment
Tectonic Plate Movement
Strain is the ACTUAL change in the shape
of rocks, CAUSED by STRESS
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3 types of STRAIN
Compression – push together
 Tension – pull apart
 Shear – tear apart
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Identify sources of stress in
crustal rock.
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The three main types of stress
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Compression – rocks squeezed together
tension – rocks pulled apart
shearing – rocks bent, twisted, broken apart.
Contrast the isostatic adjustment that might result
from the melting of glacial ice with the isostatic
adjustment that a large river emptying into the ocean
might cause
Plate Boundaries & The Stress of
Strain
Objectives chapter 5.1
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predict isostatic adjustments that will
result from changes in the thickness of the
earth’s crust.
Identify sources of stress in crustal rock.
Vocabulary Chapter 5 Section 2
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Folding
anticline
syncline
Monocline
Fault
Fault fracture
Hanging wall
8. footwall
9. Normal fault
10. Reverse fault
11. Thrust fault
12. Strike-slip fault
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Objectives chapter 5.2
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Compare folding and faulting as responses
to stress.
Describe four types of faults.
Compare folding and faulting as responses
to stress.
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Folding is what results when rock
responds to stress by permanently
deforming without breaking
Faulting is more likely to occur near the
surface than deep within the earth
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Pressure are too high deep within the earth
for faulting to occur
Temperature allows the rock to flow more
easily
Compare folding and faulting as
responses to stress.
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3 types of Folds
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Anticline
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Syncline
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Monocline
Describe four types of faults.
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Describe four types of faults
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Normal:
Reverse fault:
Thrust fault:
Strike-slip fault:
Describe four types of faults.
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Normal Fault
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Reverse Fault
Describe four types of faults.
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Thrust Fault
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Strike-slip Fault
Objectives chapter 5.2
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Compare folding and faulting as responses
to stress.
Describe four types of faults.
Vocabulary Chapter 5 Section 3
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Mountain belt
Mountain range
Mountain system
Plateau
Volcanic mountain
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Graben
Folded mountain
Dome mountain
Fault-block mountain
Objectives chapter 5.3
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Identify the types of plate collisions that
build mountains.
Identify four types of mountains and
discuss the forces that shaped them.
Identify the types of plate collisions that build
mountains.
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3 Different Types of
Plate Collisions
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Oceanic-Oceanic
An oceanic plate subducts below an oceanic plate.
The water trapped under pressure melts part of the subducting
lithosphere.
This magma rises on the ocean floor forming an island arch of
Volcanoes.
Japan, Fiji, and Mariana are all examples.
Identify the types of plate collisions that build
mountains.
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3 Different Types of
Plate Collisions
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Oceanic-Continental
Oceanic plate is subducted under a continental plate.
this causes large scale compression, form large
mountains.
there is some melting of the subducting plate, that may
produce volcanic mountains.
Some mountains may have been formed from microterranes.
Identify the types of plate collisions that build
mountains.
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3 Different Types of
Plate Collisions
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Continental-Continental
When continental plate is subducted under another
continental plate.
Large scale compression forms extremely high
mountains, Himalayas.
Region is prone to large earthquakes.
Chapter 5.3 Notes
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Name the four types of
mountains and explain
how each is formed
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FoldedFault blockVolcanicDome-
Identify four types of mountains and discuss the
forces that shaped them.
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Folded Moutains
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Tectonic plates collide, raising Mtns and large flat areas
called plateaus
Ex: Himalayas
Identify four types of mountains and discuss the
forces that shaped them.
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Fault-Block Mtns & Grabens
Mtns formed when the crust breaks into pieces
allowing blocks to sink relative to others
Identify four types of mountains and discuss the
forces that shaped them.
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Volcanic Mountain Formation
Mtns that form when molten rock erupts ONTO
the crust of the Earth
Identify four types of mountains and discuss the
forces that shaped them.
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Dome Mountain Formation
Mountains that form when molten rock does
not erupt onto the crust of the Earth
Objectives chapter 5.3
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Identify the types of plate collisions that
build mountains.
Identify four types of mountains and
discuss the forces that shaped them.