Transcript Fault
Deforming the Earth’s Crust Deformation • Deformation: process by which a rock changes stress shape due to _______ Stress faulting folding and _________ • causes ________ 1. Compression: type of stress that occurs when squeezed/pushed an object is _______________ convergent plate boundaries – Occurs at ____________ Tension type of stress that occurs when 2. ________: rock is stretched/pulled divergent plate boundaries – Occurs at __________ Stress 3. Shear: type of stress that occurs when objects slide past each other (rubbing) transform plate boundaries –Occurs at ___________ Folding bending • Folding: the ________of rock layers due to stress Anticline 1. __________: upward arching fold downward trough like fold 2. Syncline: __________ horizontal 3. Monocline: both ends of fold are __________ 1. ______________________ 2. _____________________ 3. _______________________ 1. Syncline 2. Anticline 3. Monocline Faulting break • Fault: a ________in a body of rock along block which one _____slides relative to the other Earthquakes are common along fault lines • _____________ • In non-vertical faults, the fault is at an ______, angle footwall hanging wall which creates a _____________and ________ 1. Normal Fault: the hanging wall moves down _______compared to the footwall Tension – _________stress occurs Reverse Fault: the hanging wall moves up 2. __________ compared to the footwall Compression – _______________stress occurs Normal and Reverse Faults A. ____________________________ B.___________________________ Normal and Reverse Faults A. Normal Fault B. Reverse Fault 3. Strike-Slip Fault: the break in the rock is vertical but the rocks move __________ horizontal _______, San Andreas – Example: ______________Fault in California – Shear stress – NOTE: This type of fault does NOT create a footwall or hanging wall because the break in the rock is not at an angle Birds-Eye View San Andreas Fault Picture Type of Fault Type of Stress Type of Boundary Picture Type of Fault Type of Stress Type of Boundary Reverse Fault Compression Convergent Strike Slip Fault Shear Transform Normal Fault Tension Divergent Mountain Building 1. Folded Mountains: Formed at convergent plate boundaries – Highest, Smooth – Ex: Appalachian, Andes, Alps, Himalayas ALPS APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS ANDES MOUNTAINS HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS 2. Fault-Block Mountains: Formed at divergent boundaries – Sharp, jagged peaks – At a fault, block of rocks drops down – Ex: Grand Tetons, Sierra Nevada SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS GRAND TETON MOUNTAINS 3. Volcanic Mountains: Formed at convergent boundaries – Eruption and cooling of magma – Creates islands – Ex: Mt. Kea, Mt. Loa, Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Pinatubo MT. MAUNA KEA MT. MAUNA LOA MT. PINATUBO MT. ST. HELEN