Transcript Earthquakes
A Note to the User of This File Visit http://facpub.stjohns.edu/~kwonw/Blackwell.html to check updates for this chapter. This file as well as all other Power Point files for the book, “Risk Management and Insurance: Perspectives in a Global Economy” authored by Skipper and Kwon and published by Blackwell (2007), has been created solely for classes where the book is used as a text. Use or reproduction of the file by any means, known or to be known, is prohibited without prior written permission by the authors who can be contacted at [email protected]. 1 All the slides in this file are done with a single master slide format. To change the background, style or both Click the drop-down folders of the program: [View] [Master] [Slide/Handout Master] Once you close the pop-up menu, all slides will change automatically. Of course, you may change a single slide manually. 2 Risk Management and Insurance: Perspectives in a Global Economy 5. Catastrophe Risk Assessment: Natural Hazards Click Here to Add Professor and Course Information Points to Ponder Catastrophic events: definitions and trends Types of natural disasters Gee Gees (Insight 5.3) 4 Swiss Re Definition for 2005 Reporting Period For 2006 Reporting Period: Shipping – 16.1M Aviation – 32.2 M Other Losses – 40 M Or Total Losses – 80M 5 Munich Re Definition 6 Frequency of Catastrophes (Figure 5.1) 7 Overall and Insured Losses Yearly economic and insured losses from great natural catastrophes, along with trend lines for each. Economic reasons explain much of the concentration trend. Additionally, people are drawn to areas that hold potential for greater economic prosperity, such as cities. Personal reasons explain this concentration trend. Figure 5.2 8 Overall and Insured Losses (Figure 5.2) 9 Types of Natural Disasters Earthquakes Storms Floods Volcanism 10 World Map of Natural Hazards Earthquake Flood Volcanic Eruption Storm Other Source: World of Natural Hazards (2000) 11 Earthquakes Earthquakes are caused by friction between moving tectonic plates. Earthquakes originate at fairly well-defined faults. The Pacific Rim is especially prone to earthquake activity Ring of Fire (Figure 5.3) Recent events 1976 Tangshan, China 2003 Iranian earthquake 2005 in Kashmir, Pakistan 12 Ring of Fire 13 Tsunamis and Earthquakes Tsunami Large, rapidly moving ocean waves produced by the displacement of water caused by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions or even a sufficiently large meteorite impact. December 26, 2004, Tsunami near Indonesia Canary Islands (Insight 5.1) 14 Storms Generically known as “tropical storms” Various names by region Typhoon Severe tropical cyclone Severe cyclonic storm Tropical cyclone 15 Beaufort Scale of Wind Velocity 16 Saffir–Simpson Scale 17 Average Number of Tropical Storms and Hurricanes 9.7 8.2 12.3 2.1 6.4 Atlantic Basin Eastern Pacific Basin Western Pacific Basin Other Regions 10.6 28.1 Bay of Bengal Region Indian Ocean Basin Australian Region 13.8 Fiji Region 18 2005 Hurricane Season A highly active start to the season Peak intensity values Lowest central pressure ever recorded Record number of named tropical cyclones New areas affected – Europe and Africa Hurricane Katrina (U.S.) and a failure of government Insight 5.2 Also check “A Failure of Initiative” 19 Floods Partial or complete inundation of a normally dry land area caused by an overflow of tidal, river, or lake water or after a heavy rain 100-year flood Flood damage can result from a single event, such as a hurricane or thunderstorm. Floods also occur due to repeated exposure to rainfall. 20 Volcanism Volcano The vents in the earth’s crust through which gases, molten rock or lava, and solid fragments are discharged and to the conical shaped mountains or hills produced by the lava and other erupted material around the vent Lava Magma Volcanic hazard assessment Climate change and volcanism 21 Summary of Discussion – Gee Gees (Insight 5.3) Add your/students’ points! 22 Discussion Questions Discussion Question 1 Is your country of birth or residence immune from natural catastrophe? If not, find the records of recent natural events that caused human casualty, property damage or both. Do they meet the definition of catastrophe by an international organization or insurer? 24 Discussion Question 2 Discuss why tsunamis are closely related to earthquakes. 25 Discussion Question 3 What are the possible factors affecting the rise of natural catastrophes in modern society? Describe the factors also reflecting the environments in the region with which you are familiar (e.g., the Caribbean, northern European or South Pacific). 26 Discussion Question 4 Investigate the process of recovery from Hurricane Katrina (U.S.), the 2004 tsunami (Indian Ocean), or any major natural catastrophe in recent years. Examine the scale, scope and speed of the process to estimate how long it will take to complete it. 27