Transcript Layers of the Earth

Layers of the Earth
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Earth’s Layers
Earth’s Layers
Crust
(10-25 miles)
Mantle
1,800 miles
Outer Core
1,430 miles
Inner Core
750 mile
radius
Inside Our Earth
The crust is made of soil,
water and rock.
The mantle is
iron and
magnesium.
The outer core is
Made of
nickel and iron.
The inner core
is made of nickel
and iron.
Composition of the Earth’s Layers
The crust is 10-25
miles thick
The mantle is
1,800 miles thick
The outer core is
1,430 miles thick
The inner core
Has a 750 radius
Thickness of the Earth’s Layers
The crust is solid
The mantle is
part solid, part
liquid
The outer core is
liquid
The inner core
is solid
State of Matter of the Earth’s Layers
1. So how far away is the center of
the Earth?
• 25+1800+1430+750
– 4,005 miles
• Is that the radius or
diameter?
– radius
2. The Lithosphere is made of the crust
and upper mantle
3. The Lithosphere is broken into many
sections or plates.
4. Some plates are lighter than others.
5. The lithosphere is made of two igneous rock
types:
•Continental crust - granite (light)
•Oceanic crust - basalt (heavy)
6. Because granite is lighter than basalt, the
continents sit on top of the denser oceanic plates
7. Mantle is the largest layer over 1800 miles
thick
8. It is composed of mostly liquid rock that
moves due to temperature differences
9. 1800 degrees F at the top, 4000 degrees F
near the bottom.
10. Outer Core-Very hot liquid metals 4,000
degrees F to 9000 degrees F
11. Made of Nickel and Iron
12. This liquid core produces a magnetic field
that helps protect earth from coronal mass
ejections (CME’s) produced by the sun.
Protective Magnetic Field
13. In the Inner Core, temperatures and pressures
are so great, the liquid metals are forced back
into a solid despite the high temperatures that
would normally melt them.
14. 45,000,000 pounds of pressure per square inch.
15. 3,000,000 times more pressure than felt at sea
level.
How do we know what’s
inside?
16Geologists study earthquakes and
volcanoes
17. Seismic waves
caused by
earthquakes change
direction as they
move through
different materials
(such as solids and liquids)
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0402/es0402page03.cfm
Earthquake wave animation:
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/2002/2002_11_03_waveani.php
I’m going to dig a hole to _____
Dig a hole to the other side of
Earth
http://www.ubasics.com/dighole/
http://www.livephysics.com/ptools/dig-hole-throughearth.php
I’m going to dig a hole to China!
• You will have to start in Chile, South
America
Will you make it to the other
side?
• If you could survive the temperatures
(over 8,000 degrees F) and the
pressure (3,000,000 times the force of
gravity) and you could “climb” out the
other side (down is towards the center
of Earth), then YES!
• If you could just freefall all the way
through Earth (8,000 miles) it would
take you about 42 minutes falling at
17,700 mph.
http://www.daviddarling.info/childrens_encyclopedia/Dig_a_Hole_to_Ch
ina_Chapter5.html