Transcript Earth and Space Science - Laconia School District

Earth and Space Science
By Harrison Gafurafura
Science t-1
ESS1
The Water Cycle
This cycle is made up of
a few main parts:
•
•
•
•
evaporation (and
transpiration)
condensation
precipitation
collection
Earth’s Climate
The average weather in a
place over more than thirty
years.
Changes in the ocean temperature
• Sea level is rising
• Arctic sea ice is melting
• Sea-surface temperatures are
warming
Changes in the atmosphere
• The Greenhouse effect
• Damage to the ozone layer
• Acid rain
ESS 1:2: 1 Composition &
Features of Earth Materials
Layers of Earth:
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
Geological Evidence
Map showing distribution of fossils on the southern
continents. These distributions caused Wegener to join the
continents as shown in the map.
ESS1:3:1 Fossils
• A fossil is the prehistoric remains of a plant
or animal. There are usually preserved when
they are buried under many layers of sand
and mud. Under pressure the sand and mud
become sedimentary rock. Minerals go into
the fossil replacing the remains and creating
a copy in stone.
Fossil
ESS1:4:1 OBSERVATION OF
EARTH FROM SPACE
ESS1:5:1
Plates movement
ESS1: 5: 2
Landforms
ESS1: 5: 2
Ocean floor
ESS1: 5: 3
• Convection:
The transfer of
heat by movements
of a fluid
Convection happens in
the Earth's crust,
ocean, atmosphere
ESS6:1:1
Rockcycle
ESS1:6:2
Sedimentary
rocks
Igneous rock
Metamorphic rock
ESS1:6:3
How is sedimentary rock formed:
• Little pieces of our earth have been eroded-broken down and worn away
by wind and water.
• These little bits of our earth are washed
downstream where they settle to the bottom of
the rivers, lakes, and oceans.
• Layer after layer of eroded earth is deposited
on top of each.
• These layers are pressed down more and more
through time, until the bottom layers slowly
turn into rock
ESS1:6:4
Rocks physical characteristics
• Hardness is the ability of one substance to
scratch another substance
• Density
Luster
• Cleavage
Color
• Twinning:
Special light effects:
• Transparency
Streak:
• Fracture
ESS1:7:1
ESS1:7:2
properties of water
• Chemical Properties- one atom of oxygen bound to
two atoms of hydrogen
• Physical properties- the only natural
substance that is found in all three states -liquid, solid (ice), and gas (steam). It has
mass and density
ESS1:7:3
ESS2:1:1
ESS2:1:2
ESS2:1:3
Earths rotation on its axis causes day and night.
.one complete revolution around the sun is called a
year.
The phase of the moon you see depends on how
much of the sunlit side of the moon faces earth.
An eclipse occurs when an object in space comes
between the sun and a third object,and casts a
shadow on that object.
.Tides are caused by the interaction of the earth,the
moon and sun
ESS2:2:1
The suns energy comes from nuclear fusion
In process of nuclear fusion, hydrogen atoms join together to
form helium
Light heat gradually move from the core of the sun to its
atmosphere and escape to space.
Some of this light and heat reach earth, becoming earth
Maine source of energy
.
ESS2:1:4
The relationship
between Earth,Sun,
and moon
ESS2:3:1
• There are 8 planets
• The four inner planets are
small and have rocky
surfaces. These planets are
Mercury, Venus, Earth,
and Mars.
• The four outer planetsJupiter , Saturn,Uranus,
Neptune are much larger
then earth and do not have
solid surfaces,
ESS2:3:2
• Newton concluded that two factors- inertial and
gravity –combine to keep the planets I orbit.
• The tendency of a moving object to continue in a
straight line or a stationary object to remain in
place is the objects inertia.
• The force, called gravity, attracts all objects
toward one another.
ESS2:3:3
Earth has liquid water and a suitable
temperature range and atmosphere for
living things to survive.
Other planets do not have such
favorable conditions, which scientists
ESS2:3:4
• Visit these websites for excellent
information on the planets:
• http://www.space.com/planets/
• http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/
ESS2:3:5
• Gravitational force attracts all objects
toward one another,
• The strength of gravity depends on objects
and the distance between them.
• The planets are in orbit around the sun
because the suns gravity pulls on them
while their inertia keeps them moving
ahead.
ESS2:4:1
• Satellites, rockets observatories and
telescopes are tools used to explore the solar
system.
ESS3:1:1
• 1 AU = 149,597,870.691 kilometers
• An Astronomical Unit is approximately the
mean distance between the Earth and the
Sun
ESS 3:1:2
• A light year is a way of measuring
distance
• A light year is 5,865,696,000,000 miles
(9,460,800,000,000 kilometers)