Transcript ppt - SOEST
Petrology Spring 2012 Please grab a syllabus Introductions Instructor: Dr Jasper Konter Office: GEOL 404a Office hours: TBA, or by appointment Phone: x5507 Email: [email protected] * *Note: Email is the best way to contact me and should provide the most timely respons Course Details When: MW 8.30-9.20 am Where: GEOL. 320 Course Ref. Number: 23432 Prerequisites: At least an introductory Geology class Laboratory: The required lab sections of this class are scheduled for M 9.30-12.20 W 11.30-2.20 or 2.30-5.30 Monday 3.00-5.50 will be canceled UTEP requires ~10 per lab, so one of the Wed labs will be canceled TA: Valerie Finlayson, Lauren Storm Field: see lab schedule…Bring boots, notebook, handlens, hat, etc Course Topics Topics for the course: -Placing rocks in tectonic/planetary context -Making igneous rocks -Magmas -Stable minerals and assemblages -Chemical petrology (geochemistry) -Making metamorphic rocks -Metamorphic textures -Metamorphic reactions Course textbook Title: Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology Authors: John Winter Publisher: 2010 edition (2001). ISBN 0321592573 How will we use it? • Backup reference to lecture material (assigned reading) • Preparation for midterm NOTE: there may also be some scientific journal articles as part of the reading material Course Website • Website address: http://www.geo.utep.edu/pub/jasper/petrology • What will be on it: • Course syllabus & information • Lecture schedule & assigned reading • Lecture “ blank notes” • Lab report due dates • Movies/animations shown in class • Class updates/announcements Blank Notes • Available at course website (by noon at the latest) • Contain slide images only (no text) • Sometimes lengthy text notes will be provided = notes provided Attendance & Etiquette • • No official attendance taken, but……. • Some lecture material not in textbook • Question of the day Class etiquette: • CELL PHONES OFF • Please arrive on time (8.30 am) = I will end class on time • Ask questions! Grading Policy • Course components: Question of the Day Mid-Term Exam 1 Mid-Term Exam 2 Final Exam Laboratory • 7% 20% 20% 20% 33% Letter grade breakdown: A = 90%+; B = 80 – 89%; C = 70 – 79%; D = 60 – 69%; F = < 60 Question of the day • We will set up a schedule where one student will pose a question to the class about one of the main topics from the last lecture. Rest of the class will turn in their answer, after which the student asking the question will explain the answer • Correct answer = 1 point; Incorrect answer = 0 points • Questions will count 7% toward your total grade • EXTRA CREDIT: By answering all Qs correctly over the entire semester, you can earn up to 3% extra credit Homework • Regular homework will NOT be assigned, HOWEVER: • Reports on the labs will have to be turned in for a grade • NO late reports will be accepted… • Format: Type it or write neatly, and use proper grammar & punc. • Working together: Encouraged, however you must turn in your own assignment, using your own words. Any student who fails to follow this rule will receive zero credit for the question, and if the offense is severe, for the assignment. • Free lab pass: Your lowest lab score will be dropped assuming you turn them all in. If you miss a lab for any reason, that counts as a “0” and that will be the lab that is dropped. Exams • • Two midterm exams Final • Make-up/early midterm: • Will not be given except for an excused illness (doctor’s note required) or family emergency • Anyone with conflicts due to extracurricular activities must provide at least 2 weeks notice with appropriate signed paperwork Make-up exam will be substantially more difficult than the exam given to the rest of the class. • Special Needs? Contact Disabled Student Services Tentative schedule Questions ? Petrology studies rocks and their formation Volcanism Rocks of all kinds at Surface (aka rock cycle) Weathering – gain H2O here Erosion Igneous Rocks Deposition Melting Metamorphic Rocks H2O loss Sedimentary Rocks Deeper Burial High pressures and Temp Cementation Igneous rocks and their formation Near or on Earth’s Surface Cools quickly Shallow Volcanic Rock Lava DIFFERENT CONDITIONS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES Plutonic Rock Deep Magma Crystallizes at Depth. Cools slowly The Earth’s Interior: where the rocks are made Crust: Oceanic crust Thin: 10 km Relatively uniform stratigraphy = ophiolite suite: Sediments pillow basalt sheeted dikes more massive gabbro ultramafic (mantle) Continental Crust Thicker: 20-90 km average ~35 km Highly variable composition Average ~ granodiorite The Earth’s Interior Crust Upper Mantle Transition Zone Mantle Mantle: Depth (km) 60 220 410 660 Lower Mantle Peridotite (ultramafic) Upper to 410 km (olivine spinel) Low Velocity Layer 60-220 km 2898 Outer Core Transition Zone as vel. incr. ~ rapidly 660 spinel perovskite-type SiIV SiVI Lower Mantle has more gradual velocity increase (liquid) Core 5145 Inner Core (solid) 6370 Crust Depth (km) Upper Mantle The Earth’s Interior Transition Zone Mantle 60 220 410 660 Lower Mantle Core: Fe-Ni metallic alloy 2898 Outer Core Outer Core is liquid (liquid) No S-waves Inner Core is solid Core 5145 Inner Core (solid) 6370 Crust Velocity (km/sec) 0 5 10 Lithosphere Asthenosphere 1000 Mantle S waves Mesosphere 2000 P waves 3000 Depth (km) Outer Core 4000 Liquid 5000 Inner Core S waves 6000 Solid Si 14.4% Al Ca S 3.0% 1.4% 1.0% O 50.7% Fe 15.2% Mg 15.3%