Transcript Structure of the Earth (Special)

Learning Objectives:
• What are Tectonic Plates?
• What are Seismic Waves?
• How do Scientists explore the structure
of the earth?
Use IRIS interactive map below, then go to the next slide and click on the
question marks to discuss those points in your group!
IRIS
What are Tectonic Plates?
Is there a relationship
between the map of
the world and tectonic
plates?
Ever witnessed an
Earthquake? What
did you feel?
Is Pacific Ocean just
a fancy name? Why
do you think it was
called that?
Alt + click to input text
Shift + Click to rotate
clockwise
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Shrink
Ctrl + click to enlarge
What could the distribution
of earthquakes suggest
Click to drag about
and drop tectonic plates?
Click "Show
Instructions"
to see how to
edit these
Hide instructions
Show
instructions What are Tectonic Plates?
Where are most
volcanoes
distributed? Is there a
pattern?
Why do earthquakes happen? Look and the animations below and
label the type of waves produced by each situation.
What are Seismic Waves?
Why do earthquakes happen? Look and the animations below and
label the type of waves produced by each situation.
What are Seismic Waves?
Why do earthquakes happen? Look and the animations below and
label the type of waves produced by each situation.
What are Seismic Waves?
There are three types of seismic waves generated by the release of
energy stored in rocks on either side of a fault. You will need the
information below for the next activity.
Surface Waves  travel along the Earth’s crust
Primary (P) Waves  longitudinal waves. They are faster
than S waves and can travel through liquids as well as
solids
Secondary (S) Waves  transversal waves. They are
slower than P waves and can travel only through solids
What are Seismic Waves?
In this role play you will analyse data from a Seismographer to
determine the structure of the Earth. Click on your seismic station.
A
B
C
How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?
D
This is the path travelled by seismic
waves generated by the earthquake
from the epicentre to station A.
This is the seismograph recorded at station A.
What type of waves produced traces 1 and 2?
Why did you get two traces?
1
What does this suggest about the
material making the Mantle (the
orange ring)?
2
ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and
observations!
Click on the question
marks to see more
information and
prompts that will
help you understand
the structure of the
earth between the
epicentre and station
A
A
Click on the call outs,
then press ALT and
click on the box that
will appear to write
your observations and
discussion notes to
share with other
groups.
C
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Show
instructions
B
Can you think of a reason why the path of the seismic
waves is bent inside the mantle?
What does this suggest about the consistency of the
materials? How do things change as the depth increases?
ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and
observations!
D
Move on
How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?
This is the path travelled by seismic
waves generated by the earthquake
from the epicentre to station A.
This is the seismograph recorded at station B
What type of waves produced traces 1 and 2?
Why did you get two traces?
1
What does this suggest about the
material making the Mantle (the
orange ring)?
2
ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and
observations!
Click on the question
marks to see more
information and
prompts that will
help you understand
the structure of the
earth between the
epicentre and station
A
A
Click on the call outs,
then press ALT and
click on the box that
will appear to write
your observations and
discussion notes to
share with other
groups.
C
Hide instructions
Show
instructions
B
Can you think of a reason why the path of the seismic
waves is bent inside the mantle?
What does this suggest about the consistency of the
materials? How do things change as the depth increases?
ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and
observations!
D
Move on
How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?
This is the path travelled by seismic
waves generated by the earthquake
from the epicentre to station A.
This is the seismograph recorded at station C.
What type of waves produced trace 1?
Why did you only get one large
1
trace?
What does this suggest about the
materials making the Mantle and
the Core?
ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and
observations!
Click on the question
marks to see more
information and
prompts that will
help you understand
the structure of the
earth between the
epicentre and station
A
A
Click on the call outs,
then press ALT and
click on the box that
will appear to write
your observations and
discussion notes to
share with other
groups.
C
Hide instructions
Show
instructions
B
Can you think of a reason why the path of the seismic
waves is bent inside the mantle and the core?
Why does the path of the seismic waves bend sharply at
the boundaries between Mantle and Core?
ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and
observations!
D
Move on
How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?
This is the path travelled by seismic
waves generated by the earthquake
from the epicentre to station A.
This is the seismograph recorded at station D.
What type of waves produced trace 1?
Why did you only get one large
1
trace?
What does this suggest about the
materials making the Mantle and
the Core?
ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and
observations!
Click on the question
marks to see more
information and
prompts that will
help you understand
the structure of the
earth between the
epicentre and station
A
A
Click on the call outs,
then press ALT and
click on the box that
will appear to write
your observations and
discussion notes to
share with other
groups.
C
Hide instructions
Show
instructions
Trace 1 was detected at your station (D) earlier than at
station C. What could this suggest about the composition
of the Inner Core (small orange circle)?
B
ALT + click to edit this text and write your group notes and
observations!
D
Move on
How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?
Now number you group members 1 to 4 and join the group of students
with your number. Then, use the box below to describe the structure of
the Earth after discussing your findings together.
ALT + Click to edit this text, or delete and
use INK for PowerPoint (the interactive pen
in the bottom left corner) to write your
conclusions!
A
B
C
D
How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?
How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?
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instructions
Let’s reflect on our learning!
• What are Tectonic Plates?
The continents are on huge plates of rock, which move
slowly because of the convection currents in the mantle.
• What are Seismic Waves?
When energy stored in rocks is released on either sides of a
fault earthquakes occur and generate P, S and surface
waves
• How do Scientists explore the structure of the earth?
Geophysicists study the records from different seismic
stations to investigate the structure of the earth
Learning outcomes