Transcript Val Nadeau - Laconia School District

Grade-8 Science Stems And
Expectations
By: Valerie Nadeau
Earth, Sun & Moon
The sun has 99.8% of the total mass
in our Solar System. The suns
energy comes from the basic
nuclear fusion. The temperature
of the sun core is about 15million
degrees Celsius. The suns
atmosphere has three layers; the
photosphere, the Chromospheres,
and the Corona. The sun is all
manly made out of gas. ¾ of the
sun’s mass is hydrogen; ¼ is
helium and other important
gases.
http://www.acocksgreen.bham.sch.u
k/sciencezone/science/earthmoon
sun/EarthMoonSunInfo.html
Energy
We’ve used the Sun for drying clothes and food for thousands of years but
only recently have we been able to use it for generating power.
The Sun is 150 million kilometers away, and amazingly powerful.
Every minute, enough energy arrives at the Earth to meet our demands
for a whole year
.
http://www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/
Solar System
The rotation of the planets would be in a rotation system way.
Gravity on mars and the entire solar panel system affects the force
on the planets and their moon’s.
Our solar system is almost about five million years old. It is made
up of eight planets, a handful of so called dwarf planets, and
more then 170 moons, as well as dust, gas, and thousands of
asteroids, and comets, All orbiting around a central sun.
http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/index.cfm
Size & Scale
The astronomical unit (AU or au or a.u. or sometimes ua) is a
unit of length of approximately 150 million kilometers, and is
based on the distance from the earth to the sun.
http://invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/sizescalemod/unit1.htm
Stars & Galaxies
Asteroids revolve around the sun between the orbits mars and Jupiter.
Meteors are chunk of hard solid rock or dust from space.
And comets are chunks of ice and dust whose orbits are usually very long,
narrow ellipses
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/
Universe
Understand Doppler effect can be used to measure the speed a
galaxy/star is moving in relation of earth by calculations of the red shift
of a stars spectrum. There may be millions, or even billions, of stars in
one galaxy. There are billions of galaxies in the universe.
http://www.alexandria.ucsb.edu/other-sites/
Meteors are chunk of hard solid rock or dust from space.
And comets are chunks of ice and dust whose orbits are usually very long,
narrow ellipses.
http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr162/lect/
Atmosphere, Climate, & Weather
Important factors increased demand for water caused by population
growth, changes in the economy, development of new technologies,
changes in watershed characteristics and water management decisions.
http://www.bnsc.gov.uk/lzcontent.aspx?nid=4580
Composition & Features of earth materials
Soon after the Earth formed, unique processes occurred division into
metallic core, silicate mantle and crust which,
along with surface water, made it different from the other planets in our
Solar System.
http://www.austmus.gov.au/geoscience/earth/structure.htm
Fossils
Fossils provide evidence of how life has and is changed over time in the
years. Fossils found in rocks include…petrified fossils, molds, and casts,
carbon films, and trace fossils inside the rock’s inner side.
http://www.buzzle.com/img/articleImages/191116-18med.jpg
A Fossil may form when sediment quickly covers an animals body.
For example:
-An animals dies and sinks into shallow waters.
-Sediment covers the animal, forms sinking into the oceans floor.
-The sediment becomes rock, saving some parts of the animal.
-Then erosion eventually takes place, exposing the fossil at the surface.
Rock Cycle
The rock cycle is a model that describes the formation, breakdown, and reformation of a
rock as a result of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic processes. All rocks are
made up of minerals.
Sedimentary rocks are those rocks made up of pieces of other rocks. Metamorphic rocks
form when sedimentary, igneous, or other metamorphic rocks are subjected to heat
and pressure from burial or contact with intrusive or extrusive igneous rocks. All
igneous rocks start out as melted rock, magma” and then crystallite's, or freeze. All
rocks “except for meteorites” that are on Earth today are made of the same stuff as the
rocks that dinosaurs and other ancient life forms walked, crawled or swam over.
While the stuff that rocks are made from stays the same, the rocks do not. Over
millions of years, rocks are recycled into other rocks. Moving tectonic platté's help to
destroy and form many types of rocks.
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es06
02page02.cfm
Water and The Earth’s Surface
How much of the earths surface
is covered with water?
Estimates vary, but somewhere
between 70 and 75 percent
of the Earth's surface is
water-covered.
A watershed is the area of land
where all of the water that is
under it or drains off of it
goes into the same place. A
watershed is the area of land
where all of the water that is
under it or drains off of it
goes into the same place.
The unifying element of these large
environmental systems is water.
It is the active component of
the atmosphere, it covers three
quarters of the Earth's surface;
and is the basis for all life on
our planet. Water is essential to
our continued existence.
http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/aus
bildung/erdsystem-intro.html
Tools
Tf = (9/5)*Tc+32; Tc = temperature in degrees Celsius
In the metric system, each of the common kinds of
measure -- length, weight, capacity -- has one basic
unit of measure.
http://regentsprep.org/Regents/math/meteng/LesMetr.htm
Social Issues(Local And Global)
Uses Of Earth Materials
http://academicconnections.ucsd.edu/program/courses/social.cfm
Environmental change
http://earthshots.usgs.gov/tableofcontents
Career Technical Education
Connections
http://www.jobcentral.com/e-Aerotek-Scientific-jobs.asp