Transcript The Layer`s Of The Earth! - Doral Academy Preparatory

The Layers of the
Earth!
Earth Layers
• The Earth is divided into four main
layers.
*Crust
*Mantle
*Outer Core
*Inner Core
The Crust
* The Earth’s crust is like
the skin of an apple. It
is very thin compared to
the other three layers.
*The crust makes up 1% of
the Earth.
* The crust of the Earth is
broken into many pieces
called plates.
The Earth’s crust is made of…
• Continental Crust
• thick (10-70km)
- buoyant (less dense
than oceanic crust)
- mostly old
• Oceanic Crust
• - thin (~7 km)
- dense (sinks under
continental crust)
- young
• Oceanic crust: depth of 0-10 kilometres
The majority of the Earth's crust was made through
volcanic activity. The oceanic ridge system, a 40,000
kilometre network of volcanoes, generates new oceanic
crust at the rate of 17 km3 per year, covering the ocean
floor with an igneous rock called basalt. Hawaii and
Iceland are two examples of the accumulation of basalt
islands.
• Continental crust: depth of 0-75 kilometres
This is the outer part of the Earth composed essentially
of crystalline rocks. These are low-density buoyant
minerals dominated mostly by quartz (SiO2) and
feldspars (metal-poor silicates). The crust is the surface
of the Earth. Because cold rocks deform slowly, we refer
to this rigid outer shell as the lithosphere (the rocky or
strong layer).
The Mantle
• The mantle is the
layer below the
crust.
• The mantle is the
largest layer of the
Earth.
• The mantle is
divided into two
regions: the upper
and lower sections.
• The mantle is the thick layer of hot, solid
rock
• The mantle is in a putty-like semi-solid
state that can flow very slowly.
•
In the mantle, temperatures range
between 500 to 900 °C (932 to 1,652 °F)
• It's made of solid rock and behaves like an
extremely viscous liquid
Outer Core
* The core of the
Earth is like a ball
of very hot metals.
* The outer core is
liquid.
* The outer core is
made up of iron and
is very dense.
• The outer core has a very high
temperature and ranges from about 4,400
degrees Celsius to about 6,100 degrees
Celsius
• composed of iron and nickel
• Convection of liquid metals in the outer
core creates the Earth's magnetic field.
Inner Core
* The inner core of
the Earth has
temperatures and
pressures so great
that the metals are
squeezed together
and are not able to
move.
* The inner core is a
solid.
• It is made of solid iron and nickel.
Temperatures in the core are thought to be
in the region of 5000-6000°c and it's solid
due to the massive pressure.
ASTHENOSPHERE & LITHOSPHERE
• In the Earth, the lithosphere includes the
crust and the uppermost mantle, which
constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of
the Earth.
• The asthenosphere is a portion of the
upper mantle just below the lithosphere
that is involved in plate tectonic
movements
The Earth Bowl
• First, everyone will divide up into groups!
• The groups need to pick two people to be the
materials specialists. Those people will need to get:
A plastic baggie which contains
graham crackers and sugar.
A container of raspberry Jell-O
A container of black cherry Jell-O
A container of lemon Jell-O
A spoon
A bowl
DO NOT TOUCH ANY OF THE MATERIALS AFTER
YOU HAVE RECEIVED THEM. WAIT UNTIL I
EXPLAIN WHAT TO DO.
The Steps to Making the Layers!
1) First you will need the plastic baggie containing
graham crackers and sugar. Break the graham
crackers up with the sugar in the bag.
DO NOT POUND TOO HARD! YOU DON’T WANT
THE BAG TO BREAK!
2) After the graham crackers are broken up into
crumbs, I will bring you butter to mix in the
baggie.
3) Now, take the graham crackers out and press
the mixture on the sides of the bowl to form the
crust.
4) Now take the black cherry Jell-O and
spoon it into the bowl that you have put
the crust in. Form it so there is a pocket in
the middle left open.
5) Take the lemon Jell-O and put it in the
bowl where you left the pocket, but make
sure you leave a hole in the middle for
your raspberry Jell-O.
6) Finally, put your raspberry Jell-O in the
center.
You have now made the
Layers of the Earth.
*The Crust (graham crackers)
*The Mantle (black cherry)
* The Outer Core (lemon)
* The Inner Core (raspberry)