Transcript landform
Lesson 1 Earth’s Landforms DO NOW- Write a paragraph using the words below. You may not use your book. (Use at least 5 words) You may use your imaginations! What do you think these words could mean when thinking about ways that the earths surface could be changed? landforms plate tectonics continental drift fault weathering erosion deposition floodplain delta word splash I was hiking in the Catskill Mountains one day when a storm broke out. The rain was coming down so fast and hard that erosion began on the mountain side. I wondered if this type of weathering is what caused this beautiful landform to have its shape. I think I read somewhere that mountains were formed by the movement of the Earth’s Plates…something called plate tectonics. After the rain stopped, the floodplains were flooded so I had to go around them. Do Now: Write the Essential Question • EQ#1 : How do forces of the Earth cause geographic changes? • EQ #2: How do humans change Earth and its environment? Lesson Vocabulary • Landforms • Plate Tectonics • Continental Drift • Fault • Delta • Weathering • Erosion • Deposition • Floodplain Lesson #1 Vocabulary Landforms- the shapes of land that are wrinkled, broken, warped and worn that make studying the earth so interesting. Lesson #1 Vocabulary Plate Tectonics- the theory that Earth’s surface is divided into several major, slow moving plates. Lesson #1 Vocabulary Continental Drift- The movement of the continental plates. Lesson #1 Vocabulary Fault- A crack in the Earth’s crust where a huge mass of rock, such as a plate is in motion. Lesson #1 Vocabulary Delta- A triangle shaped piece of land built from soil deposited at the mouth of a river. Lesson #1 Vocabulary Weathering- The process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces through heat, water wind or other means. Lesson #1 Vocabulary Erosion- The natural process of moving sediment that helps shape Earth’s surface. Lesson #1 Vocabulary Deposition- The Process of dropping or depositing sediment in a new location. Lesson #1 Vocabulary Floodplain- A landform of level ground made up from sediment deposited by a river or stream. Geographic Changes • Then, take a picture walk through chapter 1, pages 19-25. Be sure to read the headings and captions under the pictures. • Turn to page 20 in your textbook. • Together we will listen to pages 20-23. The Five Forces of Geographic Change 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Plate Tectonics Earthquakes Volcanoes Weathering Humans Chapter 1 - Lesson 1- Guided notes pages 20-26 • A. Earth’s Landforms • How Landforms Came to Be. • 1. The theory of plate tectonics states • • that the Earth’s surface is made up of several large slow moving slabs or plates. 2. Scientists believe that long ago all of Earth’s land masses formed one huge supercontinent known as Pangaea. 3. When continental plates move and drift apart it is called continental drift. • 4. Layers of Earth • The outer layer is the crust. • Beneath the crust is the Mantle. It is composed of hot, rock-like material. • At the center of the Earth is a metal core which is solid and called the inner core. • Surrounding the inner core is a molten, or melted outer core. • Extreme heat from the inner core • • causes the mantle the create pressure on the crust, forcing the crust to rise. As it rises, it pushes large rocks upward forming mountains and plateaus. Mountains are formed when plates push together and crumble and fold the earths crust. Mountains are also formed when two plates collide and one moves up and over the other. When these plates move and shake, they may also cause earthquakes. These are common along faults which are breaks in the Earth’s crust where movement occurs. • Volcanoes Add Land • Plates push against each other creating • • cracks in the crust onto Earth’s mantle. Heat within the mantle causes rock in the lower plate to melt. This molten (melted) rock is called magma. The name for magma that has escaped to the surface of the Earth is called lava. Agents of Weathering • Wind • Water • Moving Ice • Shaping Earth’s Surface • There are several ways that the Earth’s surface can change. One of the ways is by weathering which is the process of breaking up rocks into smaller pieces called sediment. • Some examples of agents that cause weathering are: • Water – moving water tumbles rocks against each other breaking them into pieces. Ocean waves wash away sea cliffs turning them into beach sand. • Moving ice called glaciers grind the land below wearing away anything under it. • Wind – Strong steady wind can grind hard dessert rock. • After weathering has broken down rocks into sediment, erosion and deposition move sediment to new places. Weathering Continued • Erosion is the process of moving sediment and Deposition is the process of dropping, or depositing sediment in a new location. • People Change the Land • People turn floodplains and deltas into farming areas. People have chosen to build cities on landforms. People have also reshaped waterways and created new ones. Ticket Out the Door • Name three forces of the Earth that cause geographic changes. Explain how each force changes the earth.