Transcript Earth Science General

System
Theories
The Sciences
Elements
Random
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Systems
• The original source of most of the energy
on Earth is the
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A. oceans
B. forests
C. sun
D. food web
Systems
• C. sun
Systems
• An open system is a system in which
energy and matter are exchanged with
the environment. Which of the following
is not an open system?
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A. the atmosphere
B. a bottle of water
C. a river
D. a fish bowl
Systems
• B. a bottle of water
Systems
• When meteorologists watch clouds form,
they are
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A. creating theories
B. forming conclusions
C. conducting experiments
D. gathering observations
Systems
• D. gathering observations
Systems
• The boundary within the Earth between
the crust and the lithosphere is known as
the
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A. Moho
B. rim
C. core
D.mantle
Systems
• D. mantle
Systems
• Which of the following describes Earth as
a closed system?
– A. The amount of energy in the system is
constant
– B. energy is transferred to and from Earth but
matter is not
– C. energy is neither created nor destroyed in
the Earth system
– D. both energy and matter are exchanged
with Earth’s system
Systems
• B. energy is transferred to and from Earth but
matter is not
Theories
• Which of the following is NOT an example
of a hypothesis that can be tested with an
experiment?
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A. nonliving things do not grow and develop
B. lipids do not mix with water
C. plant cells contain DNA
D. rocks do not need a place to live
Theories
• D. rocks do not need a place to live
Theories
• Which of the following best descibes a
scientific theory?
– A. A statement of fact
– B. An explanation that is consistent with all
extensive tests and observation
– C. a limited explanation that explains some
observations
– D. A collection of observations linked by a
common theme
Theories
• B. An explanation that is consistent with
all extensive tests and observations
Theories
• An oceanographer tracks ocean currents,
noting how materials are transported
from one place to another. A biologist
uses this information to predict the
movement of oil spill by a tanker. This is an
example of
– A. experimentation
– B. a scientific law
– C. scientist keeping information private to
protect research funding
– D. how the study of earth science might
Theories
• D. how the study of earth science might
contribute to the survival of the biosphere
Theories
• The German scientist Alfred Wegner
hypothesized that the Earths continents
slowly drifted over millions of years to
their present locations. Which of the
following could NOT have been used to
support this hypothesis?
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A. chemical analysis of rocks
B. photographic record of ancient landmass
C. scale models
D. analysis of coastlines
Theories
• B. photographic record of ancient landmass
Theories
• Imagine that a scientist consistently finds
that an experiment produces data that
disagrees with a hypothesis. What should
the next step be?
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A. modify the hypothesis and retest
B. discard the hypothesis
C. continue to conduct the same experiment
D. conduct a new experiment with more
predictable results
Theories
• A. modify the hypothesis and retest
The Sciences
• A scientist who studies the motions of the
planets is a(n)
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A. Oceanographer
B. Meteorologist
C. Astronomer
D. Geologist
The Sciences
• C. Astronomer
The Sciences
• An environmental scientist would be most
concerned with
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A. how mountains form
B. predicting hurricanes
C. analyzing pollution levels
D. observing animal populations
The Sciences
• C. analyzing pollution levels
The Sciences
• Water, land, clouds, and the atmosphere
absorb most solar radiation. What
happens to most of the remaining
radiation?
– A. the energy is destroyed
– B. the energy is reflected back into space
– C. the energy is absorbed by plants and
animals
– D. the energy is converted by photosynthesis
The Sciences
• C. the energy is absorbed by plants and
animals
The Sciences
• The part of an experiment that can be
changed by the person conducting the
experiment is called the
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A. independent variable
B. control group
C. hypothesis
D. dependent variable
The Sciences
• B. control group
Sciences
• The four main branches of Earth science
are
– A. geology, paleontology, meteorology, and
astronomy
– B. geology, oceanography, meteorology, and
astronomy
– C. chemistry, geology, astronomy, and
climatology
– D. geology, oceanography, physics, and
sociology
Sciences
• B. geology, oceanography, meteorology, and
astronomy
Elements
• Which one of the following elements is
stored in the Earth in buried animal and
plant remains?
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A. iron
B. nitrogen
C. carbon
D. phosphorus
Elements
• C. carbon
Elements
• Phosphorous, carbon, and nitrogen all
return to the Earth through what
processes?
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A. reflection and radiation
B. combustion
C. Erosion and run-off
D. animal excretion and decomposition
Elements
• D. animal excretion and decomposition
Elements
• The process of nitrogen fixing in soil
involves
– A. nitrogen being created by photosynthesis
– B. bacteria in soil that chemically alter
nitrogen
– C. the conversion of CO2 into carbohydrates
– D. the flow of nitrogen through underground
channels
Elements
• B. bacteria in soil that chemically alter nitrogen
Elements
• What can happen when water vapor in
the atmosphere looses energy?
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A. the vapor condenses in to clouds or rain
B. it heats and disperses
C. the water evaporates
D. a tornado forms
Elements
• A. the vapor condenses in to clouds or rain
Elements
• What process is responsible for transfer
of matter and energy in the
asthenosphere?
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A. convection
B. radiation
C. the carbon cycle
D. the phosphorus cycle
Elements
• A. convection
Random
• Why is Earth’s interior warmer then the
surface?
– A. solar radiation is being lost due to
absorption
– B. cooler materials sink into the Earth,
cooling its interior
– C. the sun is cooling down
– D. there is radioactive decay and
compression in the Earth, which heats its
interior
Random
• D. there is radioactive decay and compression in
the Earth, which heats its interior
Random
• What is the source of energy that
generates weather and climate patterns
on Earth?
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A. solar radiation
B. volcanic eruption
C. radioactive decay
D. gravitational pull of the sun and the moon
Random
• D. gravitational pull of the sun and the moon
Random
• What is the solid part of Earth called?
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A. biosphere
B.atmosphere
C.hydrosphere
D. geosphere
Random
• D. geosphere
Random
• The amount of inprecision in an
experiment is known as
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A. scale
B. model
C. error
D. value
Random
• C. error
Random
• About 2/3 of the Earth is covered by
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A. the mojo
B. the crust
C. trees
D. oceans
Random
• D. oceans