Transcript Nevado Del Ruiz, Colombia - Cal State LA

• Nevado Del Ruiz, Colombia
• Volcan Del Fuego,Colima,Mexico
• Nyiragongo, Zaire/Congo, Africa
Nevado Del Ruiz, Colombia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
5cjTTu5A9iw
Overview:
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Location
Type of volcano
Times of eruption
Magma type
Casualties
Location:
• In the Andes
mountains of South
America.
– In West-central
Colombia.
Type of volcano:
• Stratovolcano, also
called composite
volcano.
• With an elevation of
5,389 m.
Times of eruption:
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Nevado Del Ruiz generated killer
mudflows in 1595.
Then again in 1845, hundreds died in
settlements located at the site of Armero.
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After the 1845 eruption Nevado Del Ruiz was
quiet for 140 years.
People forget about the destruction and
Armero was built on the same site, growing to
a town of 30,000 by 1980
Cont.
• Until the 1985 eruption that produced
mudflows which reached the town of
Armero.
Magma type:
• High viscosity andesitic to rhyolitic lava
flows.
– Explosive eruption style.
– Eruption types: Plinian
Casualties:
• More than 23,000 people were killed.
• 5,000 injured.
• 5,00 homes were destroy.
Volcan Del Fuego Colima
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3EQiWnou4w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vwa_iCqDFL0
Overview:
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Location
Type of volcano
Times of eruption
Magma type
Casualties
Location
Type of volcano
• Composite or Stratovolcano
• Considered Mexico’s most dangerous and
active volcano
• Erupted a few dozen times since the 1500’s
Location
• 280 miles west of Mexico
• Subduction zone between the Pacific plate
and the North American plate
• 13,325 ft. high
• Pacific ‘Ring of fire’
Oceanic-Continental
Subduction Zone
Ring of Fire
Magma type
• High viscosity andesitic to rhyolitic lava
flows
– Explosive eruptive style(pyroclastic lava flow)
Nyiragongo, Congo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_meqhjQxb8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBro5jOG00s
One of eight volcanoes in the Virunga
National Park.
Overview:
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Location
Type of volcano
Times of eruption
Magma type
Casualties
East African Rift Zone
Nyiragongo, Strato or Shield??
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Recent Eruption Disaster
• Erupted 1/17/02, at 8:35am
• Earthquakes were felt for 2 weeks preceding the eruption,
every 40 seconds during the eruption, and have died down
exponentially, yet continue still
• Spewed 250 Million cubic meters of lava (125,000
Olympic-sized swimming pools)
• As stratovolcano, no pyroclastic flows, and the lava
flowed at a slow rate of 1.2 - 1.6 km/hour
• Eruptions have occurred every 10 years since 1884
Cones and Craters Surround the
Volcano.
• Nyiragongo erupts
January 17, 2002
• Lava flows from the
southern flanks toward
Goma.
• Basaltic flows reach
1.2 to 1.8 km/hour.
Basaltic Trail Blazer.
Nyiragongo’ Refugees.
• Approximately
400,000 evacuated for
3 days.
• 12000 families left
homeless
80 Percent of Goma Destroyed.
• 14 villages damaged.
• 45 dead from eruption.
• Civil Disobedience
results in more.
Crater in Nyiragongo’s Summit.
Is it half full or half empty?
Quito, Ecuador
Oct, 7, 1999
Volcanoes rolling ash and
rings of steam rise
from 15,728 foot-tall
Guagua Pichincha
on the morning of
October 7, 1999.
No sound or tremor
alerted the nearby city
of Quito and wind swept
ash away quickly.
Quito, Ecuador
Oct, 7, 1999
Shower of ash turning
day to night for the first
time since 1960
Fig. 6-29, p.141
Predicting Eruptions
• Establish a volcano’s history
– Active
– Dormant
• Monitor changes and
anomalies
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Earthquakes
Changes in shape or elevation
Volcanic gases
Changes in ground
temperature
– Composition of water
Predicting Eruptions