Transcript What are the characteristics of Earth`s interior?

Earth’s Interior
EQ: What are geologists? What
are the characteristics of Earth’s
interior?
Vocabulary
• Geologists – scientists who study the
forces that make and shape the planet
Earth.
– Study the chemical and physical
characteristics of rock.
– Map where different types of rocks are found
on and beneath the surface
– Describe landforms
• Geology – study of planet Earth
EQ: What are geologists? What are
the characteristics of Earth’s
interior?
Surface Changes
• Constructive Forces – shape the Earth’s
surface by building up mountains and
landmasses
• Destructive forces – slowly wear away
mountains and every other feature on the
surface
• Continents – 7 great landmasses
surrounded by water
EQ: What are geologists?
What are the characteristics
of Earth’s interior?
Indirect Evidence
• Geologist use
indirect evidence to
study Earth’s interior
– Seismic Waves
• Waves produced by
earthquakes
• Record the waves and
study how they travel
• Speed of waves and
the paths they take
reveal that our planet
is made up of several
layers
EQ: What are
geologists?
What are the
characteristics
of Earth’s
interior?
Center of the Earth
• Temperature
– Outer layers cool
– At 20 meters rocks
get warmer
– Every 40 meters
after that the
temperature rises 1
degree Celsius
EQ: What are geologists? What are the
characteristics of Earth’s interior?
Center of the Earth
• Pressure
– The force pushing on a surface or area
– Because of the weight of the rock above, the
pressure inside Earth increases as you go
deeper
EQ: What are geologists? What are the
characteristics of Earth’s interior?
Earth’s Layers
• Three main layers make up the Earth’s
interior
– The crust
– The mantle
– The core
EQ: What are
geologists? What are
the characteristics of
Earth’s interior?
The Crust
• Layer of rock that forms the Earth’s outer
skin
• Mountains, water, soil and rocks found on
crust
• Thin layer, like an onion skin for the Earth
• Includes both dry land and the ocean floor
• Thinnest on the ocean floor, thickest under
mountains
EQ: What are geologists? What are
the characteristics of Earth’s
interior?
EQ: What are
geologists? What are
the characteristics of
Earth’s interior?
The Crust
• Oceanic Crust
– Beneath the ocean
– Consists mostly of dense rocks
like basalt
• Dark, fine rock with fine
texture
• Continental Crust
– Forms the continents
– Consists of less dense rocks like
granite
• Large crystals, not as dense
as basalt, light color
The Crust
The Mantle
• A layer of hot rock
• Mantle is 3000 kilometers thick and
extends to the core
• Between 5 and 40 kilometers beneath the
surface, there is a boundary of basalt and
granite
• Below the boundary is the solid material of
the mantle
EQ: What are geologists? What are
the characteristics of Earth’s
interior?
The Mantle
Made of two layers
Lithosphere
• uppermost part of the mantle
and the crust combined
• About 100 kilometers thick
• Material in this part of the
mantle is somewhat soft – it
can bend like plastic
Asthenosphere
• Soft material with the ability
to flow
• Lithosphere floats on top of
the asthenoshpere
EQ: What are geologists?
What are the
characteristics of Earth’s
interior?
The Core
• Consists of two parts
– Outer core - liquid
– Inner core – solid
• Made of iron and nickel
EQ: What are geologists? What
are the characteristics of
Earth’s interior?
The Core
• Outer core
– Layer of molten metal
that surrounds the inner
core
– Behaves like a thick
liquid
• Inner Core
– Dense ball of solid metal
– Extreme pressure
squeezes the atoms of
iron and nickel so much
they cannot spread out
and become liquid
EQ: What are
geologists? What
are the
characteristics of
Earth’s interior?
Earth’s Magnetic Field
• Currents in the liquid
outer core force the
solid inner core to
spin
• Inner core spins
slightly faster than
the rest of the planet
creating our magnetic
field. This causes
our planet to act like
a giant bar magnet
EQ: What are geologists? What are the characteristics of Earth’s interior?
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EQ: What are
geologists? What are
the characteristics of
Earth’s interior?
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