Transcript Plate_Tectonics_ppt_handouts

Internal Structure of the
Earth
Plate Tectonics
Sea Floor Spreading
Internal Structure of the Earth
The Earth has four
internal layers:
• __________
• __________
• __________
• __________
Earth’s Interior
How do we know there are four
layers?
• __________________________________
• Using ________ waves, they can tell
whether an object is a _____ or a _____,
so by using that information, they
theorized about the interior layers of the
Earth
Seismic waves and the Earth’s
Interior
Layers of the Earth
• Crust
– Made out of ______ crust or _________ crust
– __________ layer
– The one we live on
– We have never _______ through this layer
• Ocean crust: ____________________
• Continental crust:
__________________________________
__________________________________
Ocean Vs. Continental Crust
Basalt = Ocean Crust
Granite = Continental Crust
Mantle
• The mantle is the _____________ layer
• The material is similar to ______ —not quite a
solid, but not a liquid either
• The __________ of the substance allows the
plates to _____________________________
• The mantle is broken into two parts
– _____________: upper mantle and crust
– _____________: lower mantle
Outer Core/Inner Core
• The outer core is made out of liquid Iron and
Nickel
• The inner core is a solid layer made out of Iron
and Nickel
• Both layers make up the majority of the weight of
the planet
Theory of Continental Drift
• The theory that
continents drifted
across the ocean to
get their current
spots on the globe.
• First suggested by
Alfred Wegner
• First used the idea of
one super giant
continent called
Pangaea.
Evidence?
• What was the evidence behind Wegner’s idea?
• The continents
______________________________________
________________________
• The ________ and ________ on separate
continents are identical.
• __________________ (found by looking at
fossils) that did not match up with the positions
the continents are located today.
What made it go?
• ____________ believed that the
continents __________ on the waters of
the ocean to get to their current locations.
Theory of Seafloor Spreading
• _________ material rises
at the Mid-Ocean Ridge
creating _____________.
• The material flows away
from the ridge, carrying
the land that was once
together,
___________________.
Theory of PLATE TECTONICS
• First accepted in ______ by a man named
________.
• __________ the ideas of seafloor
spreading and continental drift.
• States that the Earth’s crust and upper
mantle are broken into sections called
___________.
Why do the plates move?
• ____________ from within the Earth rises
to the surface then cools down and
_________ back into the Earth.
What makes the plates move?
1.
2.
What makes the plates move?
3.
4.
How do the plates move?
• The plates move in
three different
ways:
• _______________
• _______________
• _______________
Convergent Plates
Continent vs. Ocean
• The more _____ ocean
plate slides under the less
dense continental plate
(____________)
• Chains of _________ are
formed along the edge of
continents. Also
_________are formed off
the coast of the continent.
• The _________ Mountain
chain is formed this way.
Convergent Plates
Ocean vs. Ocean
• ________ dense plates
are pushed towards the
center of the Earth
• Extremely ________ are
formed, and also chains
of volcanic islands are
created (___________)
• The ________ Islands
are formed this way.
Convergent Plates
Continent vs. Continent
• When two continental plates
hit both plates are
_____________. No
subduction occurs.
• ___________ are formed,
not volcanoes.
• The __________ Mountains
in India are formed this way.
Transform Boundary
• When one plate
________ past
another.
• The most famous is
the ____________
fault in California.
• No creation of
anything, just
destruction.
Divergent Boundary
• When two plates
________________from
each other.
• The ___________ is the
best example.
• This is what caused
__________ and the
____________ to separate.