Transcript GLOBAL DISASTER RESILIENCE The Paradigm for 2014 That

GLOBAL DISASTER RESILIENCE
The Paradigm for 2014
That Makes Our Tomorrows Better
STEP 1
Walter Hays, Global Alliance
for Disaster Reduction,
Vienna, Virginia, USA
TOWARDS GLOBAL
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• Step 1: Integrating Today’s Global
Knowledge Into Global Books of
Knowledge
• Step 2: From Today’s Books of
Knowledge to Innovative Capacity
Building
• Step 3: From Today’s Paradigm to
Tomorrow’s
LACK OF EARTHQUAKE
RESILIENCE HAS RESULTED IN
DEATHS REACHING
HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS
ECONOMIC LOSSES
REACHING HUNDREDS OF
BILLIONS
STEP 1
Integrating Today’s Global
Knowledge Into Global Books of
Knowledge
WHAT DO WE KNOW?
• Floods, hurricanes, tropical
storms, typhoons, cyclones,
tornadoes, nor'easters,
earthquakes, tsunamis,
volcanic eruptions, wildfires,
and landslides will recur during
2014 and ad infinitum.
GLOBAL NATURAL HAZARDS
• FLOODS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• EARTHQUAKES
• TSUNAMIS
• DROUGHTS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• LANDSLIDES
• WILDFIRES
GLOBAL DISASTER RISKS THAT
BECOME ECONOMIC LOSSES
WHAT DO WE KNOW?
• All natural hazards test the
disaster resilience of our
governments, our institutions,
and our communities.
LIVING WITH NATURAL HAZARDS
NO DISASTERS:
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY
CAPABILITIES OF
COMMUNITY
WHAT DO WE KNOW?
• Some natural hazards will
cause a disaster.
LIVING WITH NATURAL HAZARDS
A DISASTER:
INSUFFICIENT
CAPABILITIES OF
COMMUNITY
INCREASED
DEMANDS ON
COMMUNITY
EVERY TIME A DISASTER
OCCURS, WE HAVE NEW
KNOWLEDGE TO ADD TO THE
“GLOBAL BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE”
ICELAND’S HAZARDS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
EUROPE’S HAZARDS
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•
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•
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EARTHQUAKES
FLOODS
DROUGHTS
LANDSLIDES
TSUNAMIS
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• WILDFIRES
MEDITERRANEAN REGION’S
HAZARDS
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•
•
•
•
•
EARTHQUAKES
FLOODS
DROUGHTS
LANDSLIDES
TSUNAMIS
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• WILDFIRES
EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
REGION’S HAZARDS
•
•
•
•
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EARTHQUAKES
FLOODS
DROUGHTS
LANDSLIDES
TSUNAMIS
EUROPE’S HAZARDS: TURKEY
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EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
FLOODS
DROUGHTS
LANDSLIDES
EUROPE’S HAZARDS: IRAN
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•
•
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FLOODS
EARTHQUAKES
DUST STORMS
LANDSLIDES
DROUGHTS
AFRICA’S HAZARDS: NORTHERN
AFRICA
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•
•
•
FLOODS
EARTHQUAKES
DUST STORMS
DROUGHTS
AFRICA’S HAZARDS: SUBSAHARA
• FLOODS
• DROUGHTS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• DESERTIFICATION
AFRICA’S HAZARDS: EGYPT
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FLOODS
EARTHQUAKES
DUST STORMS
DROUGHTS
DESERTIFICATION
ASIA’S HAZARDS: JAPAN
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FLOODS
EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
TYPHOONS
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
LANDSLIDES
DROUGHTS
ASIA’S HAZARDS: INDIA
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FLOODS
EARTHQUAKES
CYCLONES
LANDSLIDES
DROUGHTS
ASIA’S HAZARDS: CHINA
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•
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FLOODS
EARTHQUAKES
TYPHOONS
ERUPTIONS
LANDSLIDES
DROUGHTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
EUROPE/ASIA’S HAZARDS:
RUSSIA
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FLOODS
EARTHQUAKES
WINDSTORMS
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
WILDFIRES
LANDSLIDES
DROUGHTS
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
HAZARDS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• FLOODS
• EARTHQUAKES
• TSUNAMIS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
PACIFIC RING OF FIRE
HAZARDS: THE PHILIPPINES
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FLOODS
TYPHOONS
EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• LANDSLIDES
INDIAN OCEAN’S HAZARDS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• FLOODS
• EARTHQUAKES
• TSUNAMIS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
NORTH AMERICA’S HAZARDS
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FLOODS
HURRICANES
EARTHQUAKES
TORNADOES
WILDFIRES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• LANDSLIDES
UNITED STATE’S HAZARDS
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FLOODS
HURRICANES
EARTHQUAKES
TORNADOES
WILDFIRES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• LANDSLIDES
CANADA’S HAZARDS
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FLOODS
HURRICANES
EARTHQUAKES
LANDSLIDES
WINTER STORMS
MEXICO’S HAZARDS
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FLOODS
HURRICANES
EARTHQUAKES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• LANDSLIDES
LATIN AMERICA/CARIBBEAN’S
HAZARDS
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HURRICANES
EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS
THE CARIBBEAN’S HAZARDS
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HURRICANES
EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
SOUTH AMERICA’S HAZARDS
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EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
SOUTH AMERICA’S HAZARDS:
PERU
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•
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•
EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
SOUTH AMERICA’S HAZARDS:
CHILE
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EARTHQUAKES
TSUNAMIS
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• WILDFIRES
NEW ZEALAND’S HAZARDS
• EARTHQUAKES
• FLOODS
• LANDSLIDES
AUSTRALIA’S HAZARDS
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CYCLONES
EARTHQUAKES
FLOODS
WILDFIRES
•MONITORING
•HAZARD MAPS
•INVENTORY
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATIONR
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
BOOKS OF
KNOWLEDGE
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
YOUR
COUNTRY
POLICIES FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•EDUCATION
•PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EARLY WARNING
•EM RESPONSE
•RECOVERY
BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE
ARE TOOLS TO FACILITATE A
COUNTRY’S MOVEMENT
TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE
THE PROCESS
RISK ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITY
• COST
• EXPOSURE
NATURAL
HAZARDS
• EVENT
EXPECTED
LOSS
• BENEFIT
•CONSEQUENCES
POLICY ASSESSMENT
POLICY
ADOPTION
Flooding occurs when the
local river channels,
floodplains, wetlands, and
water tables are not able to
contain, store, or transmit local
precipitation and runoff.
CAUSES
OF RISK
BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
FLOODS
CASE HISTORIES
EFFECTS OF WATER ON
STRUCTURE & CONTENTS
INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR
HEALTH PROBLEMS, DEATH
AND INJURY
LOSS FUNCTION OF
INFRASTRUCTURE
VULNERABILITY OF NONSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
BOOK OF KNOWLEDE
SEVERE WINDSTORMS
CAUSES
OF RISK
WIND AND WATER INSIDE
BUILDING ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
CASE HISTORIES
UNDERESTIMATING WIND
SPEEDS AND STORM SURGE
FLOODING FROM STORM
SURGE AND RAIN
QUALITY OF WORKMANSHIP
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
CAUSES
OF RISK
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO
HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
(SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND
FAILURE)
EARTHQUAKES
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION
AND PLAN
CASE HISTORIES
TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP
LACK OF DETAILING AND
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
INATTENTION TO
NONSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
• BUILDINGS UNABLE TO WITHSTAND
LATERAL GROUND SHAKING
• LIFELINE SYSTEMS UNABLE TO
WITHSTAND PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
ASSOCIATED WITH FAULT RUPTURE,
LANDSLIDES, AND LIQUEFACTION
BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE
TSUNAMIS
CAUSES
OF RISK
HIGH VELOCITY OF
INCOMING WAVES
DISTANCE OF WAVE RUNUP
AND RUNOFF
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE
RUNUP
TSUNAMIS
CASE HISTORIES
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF
BUILDINGS
FLOODING
INADEQUATE WARNING
SYSTEMS
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF
TSUNAMI
BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
CAUSES
OF RISK
PROXIMITY TO LATERAL
BLAST
IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC
FLOWS
IN PATH OF FLYING DEBRIS
(TEPHRA)
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
CASE HISTORIES
IN PATH OF VOLCANIC PLUME
AND ASH (AVIATION)
IN PATH OF LAVA FLOWS
IN PATH OF LAHARS
INADEQUATE WARNING ANO
EVACUATION
CAUSES
OF RISK
BUILDING ON UNSTABLE
SLOPES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO TOPPLES
LANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO SPREADS
CASE HISTORIES
SOIL AND ROCK
SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION
OR GROUND SHAKING
BARE, OVERSTEEPENED
SLOPES
BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE
WILDFIRES
CAUSES
OF RISK
LIGHTNING
MANMADE FIRES
PROXIMITY OF URBANWILDLANDS INTERFACE
WILDFIRES
CASE HISTORIES
WIND SPEED AND DIRECTION
CUTTING FORESTS
DENUDED SLOPES
HOT, DRY WEATHER
CAUSES
OF RISK
PROLONGED LACK OF
PRECIPITATION
LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE
LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTIVITY
DROUGHTS
CASE HISTORIES
DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF
GROUND WATER
LOSS OF VEGETATION
INSECT INFESTATION
PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND
BY DESERTIFICATION