Transcript Layers of the Earth PP

Inside the Earth
The Composition of Earth
• The Earth is divided into three
layers…
• The crust, mantle, and the core based
on what each one is made up of.
• The lightest materials make up the
outer layer, the densest materials
make up the inner layers.
Composition (What it is made of)
• Crust
• Mantle
• Outer
• Core
Inner Core
The Crust
• Outer layer
• 5-100 km thick
• 2 types of crust
–Oceanic
Composed of
basalt (rock)
–Continental
composed of
granite (rock)
Oceanic
vs. Continental Crust
• Composition: basalt • Composition:
(rock)
granite (Rock)
• 5-10 km thick
• average thickness
• Temperature=
of 40 km.
water temperature • Temperature= air
to 870°C
temperature to
Composed of Basalt
870°C
Composed of Granite
Oceanic and Continental Crust
Calculating Density…
• Density = Mass / Volume
• Composed of mostly
of iron and
magnesium
• Thickness: 1800-2900
km thick
• State of matter: upper
mantle is solid, lower
mantle is liquid
• Temp =870-3700°C
• Density= more dense
than the crust
The Mantle
The Mantle…
• It is made up mostly of iron and
magnesium, which is very dense.
The mantle acts like silly putty or
laffy taffy.
• The density ranges from 3.4-4.4
g/cm3
• Temperature=870-3700°C
• Lots of Pressure!
The Outer Core
• It is composed of
liquid iron and nickel,
which causes Earth’s
magnetic field.
• It is 2,270 km thick
• It is a liquid
• Temp: Up to 6,000°C
• Density=more dense
than the mantle
Inner Core
• Composed of iron and
nickel
• 1216 kilometers thick
• Solid (Due to Pressure)
• Temperature=6,0007200°C Hotter than the
Sun!!
• Density most dense
layer of them all
Earth’s Layers
• How are the
earth’s layers
similar to an egg?
• Shell=crust
• Egg
white=mantle
• Yolk=core
Do you Remember?
• 1. What is the difference between
•
•
•
•
continental and oceanic crust?
2. Which layer is the hottest?
3. Arrange Earth’s layers from hottest
to coolest.
4. What layer is the least dense?
5. A drilling rig can dig down 6
kilometers. What layer of Earth would
you more than likely be in?
Physical Structure of the Earth
(5 Layers)
• Lithosphere- crust and rigid outer layer of
mantle (upper mantle)
• Asthenosphere- solid rock that flows
slowly (like hot asphalt, apart of mantle)
• Mesosphere-The strong, lower part of the
mantle.
• Outer Core- liquid layer
• Inner Core- solid, very dense
Tectonic Plates
• Earth’s crust is broken into about 19
pieces
• These plates move on top of the
asthenosphere