Transcript Haleakala final presentation[1]

By: Tucker Pfaff
HALEAKALA NATIONAL PARK, HAWAII
WHAT YEAR DID HALEAKALA BECOME AN
OFFICIAL NATIONAL PARK AND WHY?
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Haleakala was established on July 1st, 1961. It was first considered as part of the
Hawaii National Parks in1916 with some of the other volcanoes that are also there.
It only became it’s own separate National Park in 1961.
It was founded because people wanted to preserve the Haleakala Crater. Then later
they expanded the area so that the forests, rare ecosystems, and rare species of the
Kipahulu Valley could be protected too.
HOW WAS HALEAKALA FORMED? (FROM AN
EARTH SCIENCE PERSPECTIVE)
Haleakala National Park is located on a hot spot. This is a spot in the earth’s crust
where the part of the aesthenosphere is so hot and the crust is so thin, that the lava
breaks through from the aesthenosphere. The lava then cools and builds up a
volcano or many volcanoes on top of this hot spot. There are not many gases in the
lava it is not explosive. This creates a gently sloping shield volcano. This was how
the park was formed.
WHAT TYPE OF ROCKS CAN BE FOUND INSIDE
HALEAKALA?
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The whole Haleakala park is mostly igneous rock formed from the cooling lava from
the volcanoes.
Haleakala has some different types of rocks too though, examples are, andesites,
with some basalts, and picrite-basalts rich in big crystals of olivine and augite.
Andesite, is a type of rock that is between basalt and granite. It is an igneous,
volcanic rock, and the major minerals that are inside of it are plagioclase and
pyroxene, or hornblend.
Picrite-basalts is also called oceanite. They are dark with yellow and green olivine
phenocrysts and dark brown to black pyroxene.
Also there is a lot of pahoehoe,a form of lava flow of basaltic rock, usually darkcolored with a smooth or ropey surface. It is one of two chief forms of lava flow
emitted from volcanoes of the Hawaiian type, the other form being aa
.
WHAT SPECIAL LANDFORMS OR FEATURES ARE
INSIDE HALEAKALA?
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Its crater is one of the biggest and best features in Haleakala. The crater is at
10,000 feet in elevation and is the highest point in the park. The crater is one of the
largest in the world at 2,720 feet deep and 19 square miles. Inside of the crater
there are cinder cone volcanoes.
The shield volcanoes themselves are interesting too. The shield volcanoes that
make up the Hawaiian Islands are built by thousands of accumulated lava flows.
Haleakala is only the third largest shield volcano in Hawaii.
Kipahulu is another special feature. It is a village in the Hana district of Maui. It
has no electricity or water utilities, the water is gathered from the stream and the
only outside access is the one telephone.
 Lastly there is the Rainforest on the southeast side of Haleakala. This part is
completely different from the dry rock of the volcanoes, it has waterfalls, pools,
tropical species, and plants of all different sorts.
 Haleakala has a lot of special features, and these are only a few of them.
HOW IS THE LAND INSIDE HALEAKALA
CURRENTLY CHANGING?
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Lava flows and cinder cones as young as 200-500 years in age are found along
Haleakala's southwest and east coasts. Lava flows and cinder cones that are not
much older than this were made as recently as 800 years ago.
Water weathering is happening at the shores and the cliffs at Haleakala. They are
being broken down from the constant waves smacking up against them
WHAT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ARE EFFECTING
HALEAKALA?
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Haleakala National Park is one of the most threatened parks within the National Park System.
It has more threatened and endangered species than any other national park in the U.S. The
worst threat to Haleakala National Park is from alien species (such as non-native plants and
animals that are not usually in Hawaii). Alien species that are of great concern include Miconia,
axis deer, feral cats, Western yellowjackets, and various ants.
The most effective and economical way of dealing with destructive aliens is to prevent
their introduction. They can do this by making sure that all of the ships that transport goods to
Haleakala are perfectly clean and free of species. This will be very hard, but it is the only way
that they might be able to control this.
As well as this problem, the species that are being let into the park are spreading disease and
killing the animals that live there. On top of all of this, there is now more limited room and
habitats for these species to go and they have less food to live off of.
The other thing that is affecting Haleakala is that people there are hunting for commercial gain,
and this is killing off some of the species that are actually native to the area.
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Both the nene, a native bird, and the silversword, native plant, are being endangered from
tourists going off of the trails and touching them and various other things.
HOW IS TECHNOLOGY USED TO HELP PRESERVE
AND MAINTAIN HALEAKALA?
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In the Haleakala Observatory, they are building a telescope that is the largest in the
world. It is used to study the solar magnetic activity and understanding astrophysics
and behavior of the sun. It will also be studying how the sun affects the earth’s
climate and the finest details of the sun. The observatory’s elevation is above one
third of the earth’s atmosphere. The project was proposed by the NSO (national solar
observatory) and the National Science Foundation and will be funded by the National
Science Foundation.
At Kilauea, the daily activities of the volcano (e.g., movement of lava flows,
earthquakes, surface deformation and gas production) are monitored by the staff of
the U.S. Geological Survey at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.
A MAP OF HALEAKALA
Haleakala National Park
Southeast of Maui
PICTURES AND DIAGRAMS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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"Haleakala National Park." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 24 May 2010.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haleakala_National_Park>.
"Friends of Haleakala National Park - Issues." Friends of Haleakala National Park - Home. Web. 24 May 2010.
<http://www.fhnp.org/issues.html>.
"Design and Construction of the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope Mount Assembly, Haleakala
Observatory, Maui, Hawaii - R125776 (Archived) - Federal Business Opportunities: Opportunities." Home Federal Business Opportunities: Home. Web. 24 May 2010.
<https://www.fbo.gov/index?s=opportunity&mode=form&id=1cc9a66d531444a743882668b1fc5c1c&tab
=core&_cview=0>.
Mack, Jim, and Camp Mary L. Van. Haleakalā: the Story behind the Scenery. Las Vegas: KC Publications,
1998. Print.
Brochure from Haleakala National Park, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Title- Origin of
Hawaiian Volcanoes.
U.S. Department of the Interior. The Origin of the Hawaiian Volcanoes. U.S. Department of the Interior, 1998.
Print.