Transcript Slide 1

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Seismic waves that travel
through the interior of
Earth
A.Surface waves
B. Rayleigh Waves
C.Love Waves
D.Body Waves
Seismic waves that travel
on the surface of Earth
A.Surface waves
B. S waves
C. P waves
D. Body waves
The first seismic waves to
arrive
A. S Waves
B. P Waves
C. Love Waves
D. Rayleigh Waves
The second fastest seismic
waves
A. S Waves
B. P Waves
C. Love Waves
D. Rayleigh Waves
The slowest of the seismic
waves
A. Body waves
B. P waves
C. S waves
D. Surface waves
How do scientists find the
epicenter of an earthquake?
A.by comparing departure times of P waves and S
waves at several seismograph stations
B. by digging at several locations and comparing
data
c. by comparing arrival times of P waves and S
waves at several seismograph stations
d. by reviewing satellite photos of tsunamis
Which of the following statements
about shadow zones is NOT true?
A.They are locations on Earth’s surface where no
body waves from a particular earthquake can
be detected.
B. Waves bend and change directions as they pass
through Earth
C. They exist because the materials that make up
Earth’s interior are uniform
D. A large S-wave shadow zone covers the side of
Earth opposite an earthquake
Mafic Lava is
A. rich in silicate materials
B. light colored
C. common in oceanic crust
D. very viscous
Felsic Lava is
A. Runny lava
B. Common in continental crust
C. Associated with quiet
eruptions
D. Very viscous
Which of the following does
NOT describe magma that
causes explosive eruptions?
a.felsic magma
b.large amounts of trapped and
dissolved gases
c.rich in light-colored silicate materials
d.low viscosity
Explosive volcanic eruptions
commonly result from
a.aa lava
b.felsic magma
c.mafic magma
d.pahoehoe lava
Which type of volcano is made up
of only pyroclastic material that
results from violent eruptions?
a. cinder cones
b. composite volcano
c. shield volcano
d. stratovolcano
Which aspect of mafic lava is
important in the formation of
smooth, ropy pahoehoe lava?
a. a fairly high viscosity
b. a fairly low viscosity
c. rapidly deforming crust
d. rapid underwater cooling
A scientist is studying a volcanic lava flow in
Hawaii. The scientist finds sharp volcanic rock
in a large lava field. Which of the following
statements best describes the lava that the
scientist found?
a. The lava is mafic lava that flowed during a quiet
eruption.
b. The lava is the least viscous form of mafic lava.
c. The rocks are lapilli that were produced during
an explosive eruption.
d. The lava has a high silica content and flowed
during a quiet eruption.
The magnitude of an
earthquake can be expressed
numerically by using
a. only the Richter scale
b. both the Mercalli scale and the moment
magnitude scale
c. only the Mercalli scale
d. both the Richter scale and the moment
magnitude scale
How is the intensity of an
earthquake measured?
a. by measuring the amount of ground motion
caused by the earthquake
b.by measuring the strength of the
earthquake based on the size of the area
of the fault that moves
c. by measuring the amount of destruction
caused by the earthquake
d. by measuring the number of seismic waves
that occur during the earthquake
Which of the following statements
describes the relationship between the
epicenter and focus of an earthquake?
a. The focus is the point on Earth’s surface what
the epicenter of an earthquake is located
b. The epicenter is the point on Earth’s surface that
lies directly above the focus
c. The epicenter is the point where an earthquake
occurs, and the focus is where seismic waves
reach
Earth’s surface
d. The focus is deeper within the Earth than the
epicenter is
What type of seismic waves are
indicated by the points on the
seismogram marked by letter A?
a. Love waves
b.Rayleigh waves
c. P waves
d. S waves
An earthquake with a
rating of 1 means
A.The lowest intensity
B.The highest intensity
C.The lowest magnitude
D.The highest magnitude
An earthquake with a
rating of XII means
A.The lowest intensity
B. The highest intensity
C. The lowest magnitude
D. The highest magnitude
The picture shows changes
in human structures after an
earthquake. What process
causes an earthquake and
results in the offset of the
structures and roads shown?
a. focusing
b.subduction
c.surface waves
d.elastic rebound
Which of the following is NOT
a major volcanic area?
a.central continental plains
b.mid-ocean ridges
c.boundaries of tectonic
plates
d.subduction zones
Which of the following does
NOT signal a volcanic eruption?
a.a change in earthquake activity
b.an increase in thunderstorms near
the volcano
c. a change in the amount and
compositions of volcanic gases
d. bulging of volcano surface
Island arcs form when oceanic
lithosphere subducts under
a.continental lithosphere
b.calderas
c.volcanic bombs
d.oceanic lithosphere
Magma is liquid rock that forms beneath
Earth’s surface. Which of the following
is NOT a condition under which magma
may form?
a. a volcanic eruption
b. increased temperature
c. decreased pressure
d. addition of fluids
How does volcanic activity
contribute to plate margins where
new crust is being formed?
a. Where plates collide at subduction zones, rock
melts and form pockets of magma.
b. Between plate boundaries, hot spots may form
a chain of volcanic islands
c. When plates pull apart at oceanic ridges,
magma creates new ocean floor.
d. At some boundaries, new crust is formed when
one plate is forced on top of another.
The illustration shows volcanic
activity. How does activity at point
B contribute to volcanic activity at
Mount St. Helens and Mount
Adams?
a. The Juan de Fuca plate is subducting under the
North American plate, producing magma.
b. The Juan de Fuca plate is spreading away from
the Pacific plate, producing magma.
c. The volcanic activity is being caused by a hot
spot in the North American plate.
d. The North American plate is pushing down on
the asthenosphere, producing magma.
Based on data about Hawaii, scientists
estimate that the rate of plate movement
for the Pacific plate is 12.4 cm/year. If
this rate remains constant, how long will
it take for the plate to move 100 km?
a.
b.
c.
d.
8.1 years
12.4 years
1.24 x 103 years
8.1 x 105 years