Transcript Earth Systems

Earth’s Life-Support Systems
Processes necessary for life!
Important Earth Systems
• Nutrient Cycles (Water, Carbon)
• Rock Cycle
• Greenhouse Effect
• Weather
Important Nutrients for Living Things
Important Nutrients for Living Things
• Carbon
• Oxygen
• Water
• Nitrogen
• Phosphorus
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Iron
Calcium
Potassium
Iodine
Magnesium
Water Cycle
Condensation
Seepage
List and define the parts of the water cycle.
Why is the Water Cycle important?
Why is the Water Cycle important?
1. It moves water around on Earth so that it is
continuously available for all living things.
2.
Water gets naturally cleaned and filtered as it goes
through the cycle.
Carbon Cycle
1) Fast Carbon Cycle
Photosynthesis & Respiration
Photosynthesis (Plants)
Respiration (Animals)
1) Fast Carbon Cycle
Photosynthesis & Respiration
Photosynthesis (Plants)
Carbon dioxide + Water
CO2
+ H2O
Sun
Sun
Glucose + Oxygen
C6H12O6 + O2
Respiration (Animals)
Glucose + Oxygen
C6H12O6 + O2
Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
CO2
+ H2O + Energy
2) Slow Carbon Cycle
Decomposition
Fossil Fuels
Uplifting
Weathering & Erosion
2) Slow Carbon Cycle
Decomposition – decomposers eat dead organic
matter and the carbon goes into the soil.
Fossil Fuels – over millions of years, soil rich in
organic matter (mostly carbon) can be
compacted into coal, oil and natural gas.
Uplifting – over millions of years, rock containing
carbon can be pushed back to the surface of the
Earth.
Weathering & Erosion – rock at the surface can be
worn down by wind and water releasing some
carbon back into the atmosphere.
Rock Cycle
Volcano
Rock Cycle Explanation
The crust of the Earth is always moving and changing.
The crust is made of rocks, soil and minerals. It floats on
the layer of Earth called the mantle which is made of liquid
rock called magma. As the crust moves, rocks are melted
and changed in to metamorphic rocks by heat and
pressure. Those metamorphic rocks melt into magma
which might eventually ooze on to a volcano and cool into
an igneous rock! Later on, pieces of that igneous rock on
top of the mountain will be chipped off by wind and rain
and will travel down a stream in to the ocean. Those
pebbles will be crushed into sedimentary rocks by the
Pressure of the ocean and higher rock layers. Eventually
the plates will move and those sedimentary rocks will fall
deep into magma and melt again, starting the cycle all
over!
Rock Cycle Terms
Uplifting
Volcano
Weathering & Erosion
Deposition of Sediment
Rock Cycle Terms
Uplifting – Earth’s crust (plates) collide and push
up mountains.
Volcano – Earth’s inner liquid mantle leaks up
through the crust and hardens into new rock.
Weathering & Erosion – Rain, snow, wind, glaciers
wear down rock.
Deposition of Sediment – worn down rock
sediment deposits form the parent material for
new soil.
Greenhouse Effect Explanation
The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases in the
atmosphere trap infrared radiation (heat). This effect makes the
planet warmer, in the same way a greenhouse keeps its inside
temperature warmer.
The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases; the most
important in Earth's atmosphere are: water vapor, carbon
dioxide, and methane. When there is more greenhouse gas in
the air, the air holds more heat. This is why more carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere is causing global warming.
The greenhouse effect is important for life on Earth. Without it,
the Earth's average temperature would be around -18 or -19
degrees Celsius. Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth's
actual average temperature is 14 degrees Celsius.
Greenhouse Gases
A Food
Web in
Lake Erie
Processes necessary for …
• Clean air
• Pure drinking water
• Productive soil
• Healthy wildlife populations
• Correct temperatures
LIFE!
Rock Cycle
Volcano
Rock Cycle Explanation
The crust of the Earth is always moving and changing.
The crust is made of rocks, soil and minerals. It floats on
the layer of Earth called the mantle which is made of liquid
rock called magma. As the crust moves, rocks are melted
and changed in to metamorphic rocks by heat and
pressure. Those metamorphic rocks melt into magma
which might eventually ooze on to a volcano and cool into
an igneous rock! Later on, pieces of that igneous rock on
top of the mountain will be chipped off by wind and rain
and will travel down a stream in to the ocean. Those
pebbles will be crushed into sedimentary rocks by the
Pressure of the ocean and higher rock layers. Eventually
the plates will move and those sedimentary rocks will fall
deep into magma and melt again, starting the cycle all
over!
Rock Cycle Terms
Uplifting
Volcano
Weathering & Erosion
Deposition of Sediment
Rock Cycle Terms
Uplifting – Earth’s crust (plates) collide and push
up mountains.
Volcano – Earth’s inner liquid mantle leaks up
through the crust and hardens into new rock.
Weathering & Erosion – Rain, snow, wind, glaciers
wear down rock.
Deposition of Sediment – worn down rock
sediment deposits form the parent material for
new soil.
Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Effect Explanation
The greenhouse effect occurs when certain gases in the
atmosphere trap infrared radiation (heat). This effect makes the
planet warmer, in the same way a greenhouse keeps its inside
temperature warmer.
The greenhouse effect is caused by greenhouse gases; the most
important in Earth's atmosphere are: water vapor, carbon
dioxide, and methane. When there is more greenhouse gas in
the air, the air holds more heat. This is why more carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere is causing global warming.
The greenhouse effect is important for life on Earth. Without it,
the Earth's average temperature would be around -18 or -19
degrees Celsius. Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth's
actual average temperature is 14 degrees Celsius.