Transcript Discussion session: other (crazy) ideas for High

Discussion session:
other (crazy ?) ideas for High-Energy
Astroparticle Experiments
TAE 2010
1-10 Sept.2010
Manel Martinez
Barcelona
How to go beyond:
- KM3Net for HE Neutrinos ?
- AUGER North for UHE CRs ?
- CTA for gamma rays ?
Other possible HE neutrino
detection techniques ?...
Detection of extra-terrestrial neutrinos
Optical Cherenkov
In Ice
AMANDA B-10
AMANDA II
IceCube
In water
Baikal
ANTARES
NEMO
NESTOR
KM3NeT
Atmospheric showers
Earth based
In space
Auger
EUSO
OWL
Acoustic
Radio
Earth based
In space
ANITA
RICE
FORTE
GLUE
SalSA
CODALEMA
ARIANNA
SAUND
SADCO (Greece)
ANTARES R&D
IceCube
AUTEC
AGAM
UHE neutrinos: Detection alternatives
• Inclined Showers: Deep showers
• Downgoing neutrinos interacting in the atmosphere
– All flavors
• Earth-skimming neutrinos
– nt interacts at Earth crust
– t exits to atmosphere
– t decay generates an upcoming air shower
• Coherent Radio pulses
• Ice: RICE, ANITA
• Salt: Salsa
• Moon: Glue, Lunaska
• Coherent sound (1500 km3, 100 hydroph/km3)
Radio detection ?...
Cherenkov in radio (Askary’an 1960)
Coherence
e- and e+ cancel !! But Ne-> Ne+
e+
g
e-
e-
Annihilation
Compton
e+
e+
e-
e-
e-
e-
Bhabha
media electrons
Möller
ICE
ZHS:FH,TS,EZ, PRD(91)
Askary’an predicted ~10% charge excess
SLAC experiment: sand & salt
Bunches of ~ GeV bremss g in sand & salt: Total energy
(sand) ~ 6 x 1017 – 1019 eV .
Askaryan effect confirmed!!!
E-field
~ Ebunch
MC vs
Data
Polarized
SAND
D. Saltzberg et al. PRL 86 (2001)
Pulse correlated to charge excess
P.W. Gorham et al. astro-ph/0412128
The radio technique
Efield ~25% Ne ~ Eshower
MOON
REGOLITH
power ~ Eshower 2
Many experiments around the world
ICE
1017 eV < Ethreshold < 1020 eV
GLUE
Kalyazin
NuMoon
RICE
AURA
ARIANNA
MOON, ...
ANITA
R.J. Protheroe,
R. Ekers et al.
FORTE
Acoustic detection ?...
AMADEUS (Antares Modules for Acoustic DEtection Under the Sea)
SPATS an Acoustic Array at the South Pole
IceCube Future Plans
• Deep Core
– Greatly enhances IceCube
sensitivity to lower energy n’s
Dust concentration
• Lower mass solar WIMPs
• Atmospheric neutrinos
– Six new strings
• 60 high QE DOMs in clear ice
• First string deployed 08/09,
• Remaining strings deployed 09/10
• Multi-messenger astronomy
– Correlations with ROTSE, AGILE,
MAGIC, and LIGO
• New Technologies
Very
clear
ice
– 3 Prototype digital radio strings
deployed with IceCube strings
– 4 Hydrophones deployed above IceCube
D. Cowen, Neutrino 2008
15
Other possible UHE CR
detection techniques ?...
Other possible VHE gamma ray
detection techniques ?...
HAWC: The High Altitude Water Cherenkov Experiment
300 water Cherenkov tanks @
Sierra Negra observatory (Mexico, 4100 m asl) near pico Orizaba
A 5 meter diameter tank as simulated in
Geant4 for a single vertical muon. The
number of photons are reduced by a factor
of 50 for vizualization.
Discussion:
Pros and cons of a VHE gamma ray particle
detector at the moon…
does it make sense ?