Transcript Document

Thermal Energy
A body contains internal KE due to the
motion of its atoms ( they are
constantly wiggling and jiggling)
Thermal Energy is the total internal KE
of a body
Temperature is the average KE of a
body
Heat- Transfer of
Thermal Energy
Three forms of heating:
1. Conduction-direct
contact, a pot heating on a
stove (solids)
2. Convection- heating by
circulating fluids, (gas and
liquid) heating from a
fireplace
And. . .
3. Radiation – Transfer of
Electromagnetic (E.M.)
Energy
Objects are heated
when exposed to
infrared radiation
The suns heats the
earth by sending
infrared radiation
along with other forms
of E.M. energy 3.0 x
108 meters through
empty space
Heat convection occurs in gases and
liquids. Heat convection doesn’t occur
in solids because solids are unable to
— 25% 1. absorb heat by vibrating.
2. transfer heat by fluid motion.
3. emit radiation by reflecting light.
4. exchange heat by direct contact.
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The primary way liquids and gases
transmit heat is by the process of —
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1. reflection.
2. conduction.
3. radiation.
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4. convection.
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Nuclear Reactions
Fusion occurs when two atoms
combine to form a new element.
The sun produces all of its
energy through fusion.
Two hydrogen atoms combine
to form a Helium atom from the
great gravitational forces and
pressure in the sun’s core
Nuclear Reactions Fission
Fission is the splitting of nucleii of
large atoms such as Uranium and
Plutonium
Produces large amounts of
infrared radiation and other forms
of E.M. Energy such as Gamma
Rays
Currently, it is the main form of
Atomic Energy on Earth
Heat Transfer Introduction
In order to understand what causes Earth’s p_____
lates to move, you
must first understand c________
onvection currents. To understand convection
currents, you must first understand how heat t________
ransfers from one
object to another. Fill in the blanks on your worksheet as you
progress through this PowerPoint presentation in order to understand
heat transfer. Save and use these notes to study for a test on this unit.
Slide 1
Mrs. Sontag
[email protected]
Heat Transfer
1. Heat transfer is: the ______________
movement
of energy from a
w_________
object to a c__________
object. In the
ooler
armer
pictures below, which item is warmer, the one on the left
or the one on the right? ____________________.
Heat
The one on the right
will transfer from the _______
to the _________.
pot
hand
Slide 2
Heat Transfer
2. In the pictures below, what makes the ice melt?
ransferring
Heat t______________
from the h_______
to the ice
and
causes the i____
ce to melt.
Slide 3
Cold is:
3. The a______________
bsence
of h____________.
eat
Slide 4
Radiation is:
4. The t___________
ransfer
of e________
nergy
through empty space,
with no d_________
contact between the s__________
and
irect
ource
the object.
Slide 5
Someone come up and
draw another example of
radiation on the board.
Conduction is:
5. heat transfer by d____________
irect
contact of particles of
m_____________.
This is called c________________.
atter
onduction
In this picture, where
is conduction taking
place? (Draw arrows)
Click to see the
arrows here.
to here
From here
to here
From here
Slide 6
Conduction:
6. A pot of hot soup t__________
ransfers
heat from the soup and pot to
p___________
that make up the s_________.
The heat is
articles
poon
c________
onducted from the hot pot and soup to the s_______.
poon
7. When the particles h______
eat
up, they v___________,
ibrate
bumping into the n_____
particles, heating them up and
ext
v_________
them.
ibrating
Slide 7
Particles:
8. A particle is a part of an a__________,
tom
such as an e________,
lectron
proton or n___________.
What do particles do when they heat
eutron
up?
9. They v_________and
ibrate
b________
into the particles next to
ump
ransferring
them, t______________
their energy.
Slide 8
Convection:
10.
Convection is: Heat t___________
ransfer
involving the movement of
onvection
f__________
- liquids and/or g__________.
C__________
luids
asses
occurs when particles of fluid begin to f_________,
transferring
low
heat e_________
from one part of fluid to a___________.
nergy
nother
Which part of the soup
will heat up first?
Second? Why?
Slide 9
Density:
11.
Density is the m__________
easure
of how much m________
ass
there is
olume is a measurement
olume
in a v___________
of substance. V_______
of occupied s___________.
pace
12.
The
Forr_________
ock
example, ifisyou
more
haddense
a rockbecause
that took
it has
up the
more
same
m_________
amount
of space
than the
(volume)
water. as two cups of water, which
ass
would be more dense, and why? (Click here for the answer.)
13. The earth’s crust is mostly made up of g________,
ranite
which
ess
is l________
dense than the oceanic crust, which is mostly
made up of b____________.
asalt
Slide 10
Dense liquid:
14.
C_________
ool
liquid is m________
ore
dense than hot liquid. Why?
Cold particles settle together more closely
_________. Warm
particles s___________
out more.
pread
More dense
Slide 11
Less dense
Dense liquid:
16.
When the more dense liquid goes to the bottom, it gets
eated
h________
up by the burner. When it gets warmed up, why does
it then rise up to the top?
Warmer liquid
rises to the top.
(Click here for the answer.)
Because when the dense liquid heats up, the particles
s________
apart, making the liquid less d________.
pread
ense
Because it is lighter, it rises to the t_______.
op
Slide 13
Dense liquid:
15.
Why would a cooler, more dense liquid, move d________
own
to the
bottom of a heated pot instead of staying on top?
Cooler liquid on
the bottom
(Click here for the answer.)
Because the more dense liquid is h___________.
eavier
G___________pulls
it down to the bottom of the
ravity
pan.
Slide 12
Convection Current
17.
Convection is heat t_________
ransfer
involving the movement of
f_______.
A convection c_____________
is the f________
that
urrent
low
luids
transfers heat within a f_________.
luid
The flow of
boiling water
caused by dense
water sinking and
lighter, warmer
water rising, is an
example of: a convection current
Slide 14
18.
Where do convection currents take
place within the earth’s interior?
Convection currents take place in the a_________________
sthenosphere.
Why?
The asthenosphere
is a soft layer of
material (kind of
like gooey tar) that
low
can f_______
slowly.
Slide 15
http://observe.ivv.nasa.gov/nasa/earth/tectonics/graphics/usgs_asth
enosphere.gif
19.
The core and m_________
antle
heat up the s________rock,
oft
(asthenos___________)
causing it to s_______
out and r______
phere
ise
pread
up. It cools as it rises, causing it to b_________
together. Then
unch
eats
g_________
pulls it down again, where it h________
up once
ravity
antle
ore
more as it gets closer to the m_________
and c________.
This
causes c____________
onvection
c____________
urrents
in the asthenosphere.
Slide 16
Heat Transfer Quiz
1. ___ The movement of energy from a warm
object to a cold object.
2. ___Heat transfer by direct contact of particles of matter.
A. ___ more
B. ___ less
C. ___ volume
3. ___ Heat transfer from one part of fluid to another part
of fluid.
D. ___ conduction
4. ___ The measure of occupied space.
E. ___density
5. ___ The measure of how much mass these is in a volume
of subtance.
F. ___ asthenosphere
G. ___ mantle
6. ___ Warm particles spread out more or less?
H. ___ convection
7. ___ Warm liquid is more or less dense than cold liquid?
I. ___ heat transfer
8. ___ Because of______, a more dense liquid
would move down to the bottom of a heated pot.
J. ___ gravity
k. ___ rise
9. ___ Where in the interior of the earth do convection
l. ___ sink
currents take place?
10. ___ /_____As the core and mantle heat up the asthenosphere, the particles in the
asthenosphere become more or less dense, causing the asthenosphere to rise or sink?
Slide 17
Heat Transfer Quiz Answers
Slide 18
1. I
6. A
2. D
7. B
3. H
8. J
4. C
9. F
5. E
10. B/K