Transcript Slide 1

 Hand
in any work needed.
 Get out a small piece of paper, PUT YOUR
NAME ON IT.
 When bell rings the quiz will start and
you will have 1 minute per question to
answer.
 How
old is the Earth?
 When
did pangea begin to break up?
• Period and time?
 What
are the three types of faults?
 What
is the thickness of the crust and
rigid mantle (lithosphere)?
 1.) How old is the Earth?
• 4600 mya or 4.6 bya
 2.) When did pangea begin
up?
to break
Period and time?
• Triassic, 200-251mya
 3.) What are the three types of faults?
• Normal, reverse, strike slip
 4.) What is the thickness of the crust
and rigid mantle (lithosphere)?
• ~200km
Layers of rock tell us a
story.
 Relative
dating
 Superposition
 Uniformitarianism
 Horizontality
 Crosscutting relationship
 Stratigraphic Column
 Intrusion
 Contact metamorphism
 No,
not that kind of relative, think
outside the family.
 Relative
dating is using rock layers to
estimate the age.
 Think
of your
room floor.
 RULE
#1: Superposition
• In order for a rock layer to be on top of
another it must be younger.!
 You can’t put things on top of others things that
aren’t there.
 RULE #2: Uniformitarianism
• “The present is the key to the past.”
• James Hutton, father of Geology
• This means that environments of today will
leave behind the same things that were in the
past.
• A swamp today dark carbon rich rock
tomorrow (future)…
• So if I got a rock that was dark, rich in carbon
what kind of environment did it form from?
 RULE
#3 Horizontality
• This states that all sedimentary layers are
deposited in flat layers (horizontal).
 RULE
#4 Crosscutting relations
• In order for a fault to cut through the rock
layer the layers must be there.
 These
are layers of igneous rock that
cut through sedimentary rock.
 These intrusions are perpendicular to
the strata or close to it.
 What is this?
• Rock (usually sedimentary) are heated up and
under pressure creates metamorphic rock.
 The
intrusion metamorphosed the
sedimentary rocks it touches.
Rock

Morphed into
K-

A-
K

Z-
A
L-
Z

L
A
picture that depicts
the rock strata.
 Top:
• (First) 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, Fault
 Middle:
• (First) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Intrusion
 Bottom:
• (First) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Tilting, 8
 A,
B, C, D, E, G (fault), F, Tilting #1, H, I, J,
K, Tilting #2, L, N
 We
know that some animals lived at
only certain times,
 So, if we find a fossil that lived in one
time it can tell us the age of the rock.
 Index
Fossil
• A fossil of an animal that lived all over the
world and didn’t live that long.
 These
are fossils that are short lived
and spread worldwide.
 Why are these important?
• Gives us a time frame to work with.
 To
be an index fossil you must:
• Live for a short period of time
• Lived world wide
• Be well preserved
 Can
connect times based on same fossils