Transcript I`m using this stupid huge font

Cosmic genesis
Physical Laws Drive the
Formation of Structure in the
Universe
Fred C. Adams
Physics Department, University of Michigan
SATURDAY MORNING PHYSICS
How did we get
here?
Four Forces of Nature
Gravity
Electromagnetism
Strong
Weak
Classical (19th century) Physics
Quantum Mechanics
Chaos
Our Universe
Relativity
Cosmic Timeline
(uchicago.edu)
GSWE
The Inflationary Universe
(Guth/Wudka)
(G vs G)
Time in seconds
Matter > Antimatter
(members.aol.com)
S vs
time t < 1 second:
Dark Matter Freezes Out
Dark matter abundance freezes
before the universe is 1 second old
W vs G
The synthesis of light elements begins
when the universe is one second old
(physics.uoregon.edu)
S vs E vs G
Helium
Deuterium
Lithium
(Schramm)
COBE Blackbody
Intensity
T = 2.723 Kelvin
frequency
E
WMAP:
Cosmic Background Radiation
E vs G
The VIRGO consortium
G
Andromeda: Our sister galaxy
Cosmological Parameters
cmb
0%
baryons
4%
dark matter
27%
dark energy
69%
Fates of the Universe
Fates of the Universe
Accelerating
G
14 Gyr
54 Gyr
Busha, Adams, Evrard,
and Wechsler 2003
92 Gyr
Island
Universe
Every galaxy has a
supermassive
black hole
anchoring its center
Mbh = millions to
billions of Suns
Gravity wins!
G
(astro.cf.ac.uk)
Every galaxy
produces about
one million
stellar mass
black holes
(Gravity wins again)
G
(life-enhancement.com)
EM radiation
Stars are still forming today
The Eagle Nebula
(Hester et al.)
Orion
The Stages of
Star Formation
Gravity
vs
Pressure
C
B
A
Spectral Class
(Faulkes)
The fifty (50)
nearest stars
Our Sun is the
fourth largest!
The Periodic Table of Elements
(aether.lbl.edu)
S,W
S,W vs E
Late Nuclear Burning Stages of
a Massive Star - just before
IGNITION
(Faulkes)
G,E,S,W
Distribution of Stellar Masses
Stars that explode
Brown dwarfs
Stars that
become
white dwarfs
Galaxy continues to
make new stars.
Time scales are
lengthened by:
- Recycling
- Infall onto disk
- Reduced SF rate
Star formation continues
until the galaxy runs out of
gas
(trillions of years from now)
The smallest, longest lived
stars
last for tens of trillions of
years
Star formation continues
until the galaxy runs out of gas
(trillions of years from now)
The smallest, longest lived stars
last for tens of trillions of years
Our universe is young:
Only one tenth of one
percent
of the Stelliferous Era has
Extrasolar Planets!
California planet search
California planet search
Planets form out of circumstellar disks
G. Bryden
G,E
Comets can carry water to
newborn terrestrial planets
But most water for Earth probably
came from hydrogenated rocks
Galilean Satellites:
Icy worlds are easy to make
Ganymede
Callisto
Io
Eur
E
Our universe seems to have just the
right version of the laws of physics
so that LIFE
CAN EMERGE
Our universe seems to have just the
right version of the laws of physics
so that LIFE
CAN EMERGE
WHY?
G’S’W’E’
GSWE
Here and Now
For further reading:
• Five Ages of the Universe: Inside the
physics of eternity, Fred Adams & Greg
Laughlin, 1999
• Origins of Existence: How life emerged in
the universe, Fred Adams, 2002
Hawking Radiation
Virtual particles
Black
hole
  GM  Rs
TH 1/(8GM)
  10 yearsM / M o 
65
3
Earth swallowed by the Sun
Red Dwarf saves Earth
moon
red dwarf
sun
earth
Red dwarf captures the Earth
Sun exits with one red dwarf
as a binary companion
9000 year
interaction
Sun and Earth encounter
binary pair of red dwarfs
Earth exits with the
other red dwarf
Primordial Era
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Big Bang
Inflation
Matter > Antimatter
Quarks -> protons, neutrons
Nuclear synthesis of the light elements
Cosmic Microwave Background
Universe continues to expand
Four Stages of Star Formation:
G vs P