Transcript Layers of the Earth

Warm up
Write the questions!!
1. Describe the interior (Underground) of the Earth.
2. About how deep is the Earth going from one end to
the other?
Use page 309-311
Describe the interior (Under
ground) of the Earth.
• The Earth is divided in to 4 main layers.
The Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner
Core
About how deep is the Earth
going from one end to the other?
• About 33, 600 Ft
• 4000 miles
This weeks Vocabulary Words
•
•
•
•
•
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Crust- the outer layer of Earth
Mantle- Earth’s second layer from the surface
Outer Core- Earth’s third layer from the surface.
Inner Core- Earth’s fourth layer from the surface
Magma- Molten rock beneath Earth’s surface
Earthquakes- vibrations produced when rock breaks
along a fault
• Plate tectonics- theory that Earth’s crust and upper mantle
are broken into plates that float and move across on a
plastic like layer of the mantle.
• Continental Drift- Wegener’s hypothesis that all
continents were once connected in a single large landmass
that broke apart about 200 millions years ago and drifted
slowly to their current positions.
Title: Earth’s Layers
• Standard- S6E5a. Compare and contrast the
Earth’s crust, mantle, and core including,
temperature, density and compositions.
• EQ: How are the Earth’s Layers alike and
different?
Layers of the Earth
• Skin of the peach is
the crust
• Meat of the peach is
the mantle
• Pit of the peach is the
core
Layers of the EARTH
CRUST
5 to 25 miles thick
and up to 1,600 F
MANTLE
1,800 miles thick
and up to 8,000 F
INNER CORE
800 miles thick
and up to 13,000 F
OUTER CORE
1,400 miles thick
and up to 11,000 F
The Crust
• The thickness of Earth’s crust varies from about 32 kilometers
under the continents, to about 8 kilometers under the oceans.
• Earth’s crust is made of two layers. The top layer is made mostly
of light colored rock called granite, is less dense than the bottom
layer which is made up of a dark colored rock called basalt.
• Both layers are found under the Earth’s continents. Only basalt is
found in the crust under the oceans.
• Temperatures increase with depth from about 20 degrees C. at the
top and a sizzling 870 degrees C. at the bottom of the crust.
The Mantle
• About 100 years ago a Croation scientist Andrijal
Mohorovicic made a discovery while studying the behavior of
earthquakes in the ground. His studies Revealed that the
waves increased in speed as they passed through a boundary
at a depth below the surface between 32 and 64 kilometers.
He felt that this happened because the waves traveled through
a less dense area.
• We now know that he founded the layer next to Earth’s crust
which was the mantle.
• The makeup of the mantle’s rock is similar to the crust’s. The
main difference is that there is more iron in the mantle than in
the crust.
• Earth’s Mantle is about 2,900 kilometers thick and
Temperature range from about 870 degrees C. to 2,200
degrees C at its bottom. At these temperatures rock begins to
flow like a thick syrup.
The Outer & Inner Core
• Earth’s made up of two parts, a shell called the outer core and a sphere
called the inner core.
• The outer core temperature ranges from 2,200 to 5000 degrees C. which
is the temperature of the inner core.
• Both cores are made up of iron and nickel.
• However, while the iron and nickel in the outer core are liquids, the same
metals in the inner core are solids.
• The melting point of iron is 1535 degrees C. The melting point of nickel
is 1455 degrees C. Since the temperatures are higher than the melting
points in both cores you might expect it to be liquid in both places.
• BUT the reason that the inner core is solid is do to the enormous pressure
bearing down on the inner core. This is the Pressure of the Crust, Mantle
and Outer Core COMBINED! Pressure can keep a solid from expanding
even when the temperature is greater than the melting point.
• The outer core is about 2250 kilometers thick. The border from the inner
core to the center of Earth is about 1,230 kilometers thick
Warm up/ Vocabulary Words
• Lithosphere- rigid layer of Earth about 100 km thick,
made of crust and part of the upper mantle
• Asthenosphere: plastic like layer of Earth on which the
lithospheric plates float and move around
• Density- a measurement of mass of an object divided
by volume.
• Composition- a collection of material formed by two or
more substances
• Temperature- a measure of the warmth or coldness of
an object or substance with reference to some standard
value.
• Convection current- current in the Earth’s mantle that
transfers heat in the Earth’s interior and is the driving
force for plate tectonics
Topic: Layers Part 2
Standard/Objective: S6E5a. Compare and contrast
the earths crust mantle and core; including the
temperature, density and composition.
EQ: What is the difference between the Lithosphere
and the Asthenosphere??
What is density?
Lithosphere
and
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
• PLATES in Plate Tectonics
• Upper 200 km
• Apart of the Crust and upper
mantle
• Rigid
Asthenosphere
• 200 km to ~700 Km
• Apart of the Upper mantle
• Hi temperatures / high pressure:
little strength; ductile / plastic NOT A LIQUID!
• Plates moving on this
• Magma generation
What is Density?
If you take the same volume of different substances, then they will weigh
different amounts.
Wood
Iron
Water
1cm³
0.50 g
1.00 g
8.00 g
Q) Which has the greatest mass and therefore the most dense?
Density is the Mass Per unit Volume!!!!!
D= mass = g or g
volume ml
cm³
Layers Questions?
1. In general, how does the density of material in the Earth’s layers
change with the depth?
a. Density increases with depth
b. Density decreases with depth
c. Density does not change with depth
d. Density increases, then decreases with depth
2. In Earth’s crust, what type of rock is found under the oceans?
a. only granite
b. Only basalt
c. Granite on top, basalt underneath
d. Basalt on top, granite underneath
3. The thickest layer of the Earth is the
a. Crust
b. Mantle
c. Inner Core
d. Outer core
Density Questions
1. 48 grams of a block of wood measures 6 cm long, 5 cm wide , and
4 cm high. What is the density of the wood ?
2. 25 grams of stone is placed into a graduated glass filled with 30 mL.
of water and completely submerged. The water level rises to 40 mL.
What is the density of the stone ?
The Composition of Earth
Cooler
Temperature of Earth’s Layers
Crust
Mantle
Core
Hotter!!!
Less Dense
Density of Earth’s Layers
More Dense