Transcript Review for Exam 32 & 33

Review for Exam 32 &
33
By Mrs. Senger
The speed of a seismic wave
depends on
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
The type of material it travels
through
The amplitude
Its frequency
The amount of sediment
The speed of a seismic wave
depends on
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
The type of material it travels
through
The amplitude
Its frequency
The amount of sediment
Motion in a P Wave is
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Side to side
Up and down
Transverse
Longitudinal
Motion in a P Wave is
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Side to side
Up and down
Transverse
Longitudinal
The fastest seismic wave is a
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Rayleigh wave
Tertiary wave
Secondary wave
Primary wave
The fastest seismic wave is a
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Rayleigh wave
Tertiary wave
Secondary wave
Primary wave
A seismograph
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Helps prevent earthquakes
Measures ground movement
Predicts earthquakes
Measures fault displacement
A seismograph
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Helps prevent earthquakes
Measures ground movement
Predicts earthquakes
Measures fault displacement
Secondary waves can travel
through all areas of the Earth
except the
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Mantle
Surface
Inner core
Outer core
Secondary waves can travel
through all areas of the Earth
except the
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Mantle
Surface
Inner core
Outer core
The outer core
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Is solid as a rock
Transmits S waves
Has a plastic like flow
Flows fast enough to power the
Earth’s magnetic field
The outer core
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Is solid as a rock
Transmits S waves
Has a plastic like flow
Flows fast enough to power the
Earth’s magnetic field
The Earth’s layer with plastic like
behavior is the
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Mantle
Inner core
Outer core
Crust
The Earth’s layer with plastic like
behavior is the
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Mantle
Inner core
Outer core
Crust
The core of the earth is probably
composed of
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An iron-nickel alloy
Aluminum oxides
Silicate minerals
Calcium magnesium sulfate
The core of the earth is probably
composed of

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An iron-nickel alloy
Aluminum oxides
Silicate minerals
Calcium magnesium sulfate
Evidence to support the concept
that the inner core is solid & the
outer core is liquid comes from
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The inner core is not solid, it is a
liquid
Refraction of seismic waves as they
encounter different mediums
The absence of waves after the crust
The wave shadow effect of P & S
waves and the P waves increasing
speed as it enters the core
Evidence to support the concept
that the inner core is solid & the
outer core is liquid comes from
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The inner core is not solid, it is a
liquid
Refraction of seismic waves as they
encounter different mediums
The absence of waves after the crust
The wave shadow effect of P & S
waves and the P waves increasing
speed as it enters the core
The inner core is solid because
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It is composed of iron and nickel
The surrounding outer layers act as a
blanket to insulate the core
Pressure from the weight of the
surrounding layers prevents the
inner core from melting
None of these, the inner core is a
liquid
The inner core is solid because
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It is composed of iron and nickel
The surrounding outer layers act as a
blanket to insulate the core
Pressure from the weight of the
surrounding layers prevents the
inner core from melting
None of these, the inner core is a
liquid
The outer core is a liquid because
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It is magnetically charged
Of less weight, and thus less
pressure
The inner core is solid
It is composed of molten iron
The outer core is a liquid because
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It is magnetically charged
Of less weight, and thus less
pressure
The inner core is solid
It is composed of molten iron
The outer core is thought to be
molten because it
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Is denser than the inner core
Will not transmit S waves
Will not transmit P waves
Is made of iron and nickel
The outer core is thought to be
molten because it
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Is denser than the inner core
Will not transmit S waves
Will not transmit P waves
Is made of iron and nickel
The earth’s magnetic field is
generated in
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The outer core
The mantle
The crust
Space
The earth’s magnetic field is
generated in
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The outer core
The mantle
The crust
Space
The mantle is composed of
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Iron and nickel
Solid rock
Half liquid and half rocky material
Iron-rich silicate rocks
The mantle is composed of
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Iron and nickel
Solid rock
Half liquid and half rocky material
Iron-rich silicate rocks
The upper mantle is the region
known as the
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Centrosphere
Mohorovicic
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
The upper mantle is the region
known as the
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Centrosphere
Mohorovicic
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Thermal convection movement in
the upper mantle
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Generates electric current that
powers the magnetic fields
Heats the earth’s core by friction
Is usually negligible
Greatly influences the Earth’s surface
features
Thermal convection movement in
the upper mantle
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Generates electric current that
powers the magnetic fields
Heats the earth’s core by friction
Is usually negligible
Greatly influences the Earth’s surface
features
The crustal surface and the
uppermost section of the mantle is
called the
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Mohorovicic
Centrosphere
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
The crustal surface and the
uppermost section of the mantle is
called the
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Mohorovicic
Centrosphere
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere
The lithosphere floats atop of the
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Mohorovicic
Asthenosphere
Crust
mantle
The lithosphere floats atop of the
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Mohorovicic
Asthenosphere
Crust
mantle
Movement of the lithosphere
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Has leisurely pace and allows the
formation of gentle rolling hills
Causes earthquakes and volcanoes
Has a plastic like flow
None of these
Movement of the lithosphere
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Has leisurely pace and allows the
formation of gentle rolling hills
Causes earthquakes and volcanoes
Has a plastic like flow
None of these
What portion of the surface crust is
dense and thin?
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Ocean crust
Continental crust
Both
Neither
What portion of the surface crust is
dense and thin?
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Ocean crust
Continental crust
Both
Neither
What portion of the surface crust is
thick and low density?
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Ocean crust
Continental crust
Both
Neither
What portion of the surface crust is
thick and low density?
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Ocean crust
Continental crust
Both
Neither
Continental crust is very buoyant
compared with ocean crust
because the continental crust is
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Thinner than ocean crust
Very young and fresh
Mostly granitic rocks where ocean is
mostly basaltic
Mostly basaltic with bubbles from the
lava flow
Continental crust is very buoyant
compared with ocean crust
because the continental crust is
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Thinner than ocean crust
Very young and fresh
Mostly granitic rocks where ocean is
mostly basaltic
Mostly basaltic with bubbles from the
lava flow
In an undisturbed sample of rocks,
the youngest rocks are found
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At the bottom
At the top
As an eroded bed
In the core of the anticline
In an undisturbed sample of rocks,
the youngest rocks are found
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At the bottom
At the top
As an eroded bed
In the core of the anticline
The San Andreas fault in California
is a
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Thrust fault
Normal fault
Strike slip fault
Syncline
The San Andreas fault in California
is a
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Thrust fault
Normal fault
Strike slip fault
Syncline
When rock is subject to
compressive force, it may fault. If
the rocks in the hanging wall are
pushed up over the rocks of the
footwall, it is called
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Reverse
Normal
Strike slip
Syncline
When rock is subject to
compressive force, it may fault. If
the rocks in the hanging wall are
pushed up over the rocks of the
footwall, it is called
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Reverse
Normal
Strike slip
Syncline
A fault in which the footwall has
moved down relative to the hanging
wall is called a
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Reverse
Normal
Strike slip
Syncline
A fault in which the footwall has
moved down relative to the hanging
wall is called a
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Reverse
Normal
Strike slip
Syncline
The Richter scale measures an
earthquake’s
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Damage
Magnitude
Frequency
All of these
The Richter scale measures an
earthquake’s
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Damage
Magnitude
Frequency
All of these
Plates that are moving away from
each other are called
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Convergent
Divergent
Normal
Strike slip
Plates that are moving away from
each other are called
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Convergent
Divergent
Normal
Strike slip
Plates that are moving towards
each other are called
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Convergent
Divergent
Normal
Strike slip
Plates that are moving towards
each other are called
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Convergent
Divergent
Normal
Strike slip
When continental crust and ocean
crust converge, which plate dives
below?
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Continental
Oceanic
Neither
Both melt at the surface
When continental crust and ocean
crust converge, which plate dives
below?
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Continental
Oceanic
Neither
Both melt at the surface
What is the area where the oceanic
plate melts beneath the surface at
a convergent boundary?
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Subduction zone
Rift valley
Trench
None of these
What is the area where the oceanic
plate melts beneath the surface at
a convergent boundary?
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Subduction zone
Rift valley
Trench
None of these
Where would you find an ocean
trench?
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Strike slip boundary
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
All of these
Where would you find an ocean
trench?
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Strike slip boundary
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
All of these
Where would you find a rift valley?
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Strike slip boundary
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
All of these
Where would you find a rift valley?
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Strike slip boundary
Divergent boundary
Convergent boundary
All of these
Wegener’s theory of continental
drift
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Was not accepted in the early 1900’s
Was first considered a break through
Received a Nobel prize
Proposed that Continental Drift was
generated by convection motion
Wegener’s theory of continental
drift
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Was not accepted in the early 1900’s
Was first considered a break through
Received a Nobel prize
Proposed that Continental Drift was
generated by convection motion
Alfred Wegener supported his
theory of continental drift by all of
these EXCEPT
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Using paleoclimatic data (glaciers)
Fitting together shorelines like a
puzzle
Making connections between rocks,
structures, plants, fossils etc from
Africa and South America
Paleomagnetic data
Alfred Wegener supported his
theory of continental drift by all of
these EXCEPT
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Using paleoclimatic data (glaciers)
Fitting together shorelines like a
puzzle
Making connections between rocks,
structures, plants, fossils etc from
Africa and South America
Paleomagnetic data
The Earth’s magnetic record is
recorded
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By rocks at the North and South
poles
In minerals that align themselves
with the Earth’s magnetic poles
By certain igneous minerals in rocks
None of these
The Earth’s magnetic record is
recorded
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By rocks at the North and South
poles
In minerals that align themselves
with the Earth’s magnetic field
By certain igneous minerals in rocks
None of these
The theory of seafloor spreading is
supported by
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Geological, biological, and climatic
data
The change in the Earth’s polarity
Paleomagnetic analysis of the
ocean’s floor
None of these
The theory of seafloor spreading is
supported by
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Geological, biological, and climatic
data
The change in the Earth’s polarity
Paleomagnetic analysis of the
ocean’s floor
None of these
Magnetic surveys of ocean floors
reveal
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That reversed polarity is rare
Thin oceanic crust composed of
basaltic rocks
Alternating strips of normal and
reversed polarity paralleling the midAtlantic Ridge
All of these
Magnetic surveys of ocean floors
reveal
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That reversed polarity is rare
Thin oceanic crust composed of
basaltic rocks
Alternating strips of normal and
reversed polarity paralleling the midAtlantic Ridge
All of these
The Earth’s magnetic field
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Never changes
Has reversed itself many times
Is centered at the Earth’s core
Both the second and third answer
The Earth’s magnetic field
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
Never changes
Has reversed itself many times
Is centered at the Earth’s core
Both the second and third answer
According to the theory of seafloor
spreading, molten rock is rising up
along
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The mid-ocean ridges
Surrounding the Pacific volcanic rim
Trenches that border continental
margins
None of these
According to the theory of seafloor
spreading, molten rock is rising up
along
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The mid-ocean ridges
Surrounding the Pacific volcanic rim
Trenches that border continental
margins
None of these
The ocean crust
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Becomes older away from the midocean ridges
Becomes younger away from the
mid-ocean ridges
Is the same age worldwide
Ranges in age depending on the
ocean
The ocean crust
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Becomes older away from the midocean ridges
Becomes younger away from the
mid-ocean ridges
Is the same age worldwide
Ranges in age depending on the
ocean
The theory of plate tectonics states
that
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Buoyant lithospheric plates float on top of
the rigid asthenosphere
The plates move in conveyor-belt fashion
as new crust is generated at the
continental margins and destroyed at the
mid-ocean ridge
The lithosphere is broken up into large
palates that move as the result of
convection within the asthenosphere
Earthquakes & volcanic activity results
from convection motion in the lithosphere
The theory of plate tectonics states
that




Buoyant lithospheric plates float on top of
the rigid asthenosphere
The plates move in conveyor-belt fashion
as new crust is generated at the
continental margins and destroyed at the
mid-ocean ridge
The lithosphere is broken up into large
plates that move as the result of
convection within the asthenosphere
Earthquakes & volcanic activity results
from convection motion in the lithosphere
Most of the Earth’s seismic activity,
volcanism, and mountain building
occur along

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Plate boundaries
Transform fault boundaries
Convergent boundaries
Divergent boundaries
Most of the Earth’s seismic activity,
volcanism, and mountain building
occur along

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
Plate boundaries
Transform fault boundaries
Convergent boundaries
Divergent boundaries
The oldest rocks are found

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At convergent boundaries
In the ocean basins
At divergent boundaries
On continental land
The oldest rocks are found

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
At convergent boundaries
In the ocean basins
At divergent boundaries
On continental land
Divergent boundaries are areas of

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
Crustal formation
Continuous, high magnitude
earthquakes
Crustal destruction
Intense compressional forces
Divergent boundaries are areas of




Crustal formation
Continuous, high magnitude
earthquakes
Crustal destruction
Intense compressional forces
Spreading centers occur along

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
The northern and western margins of
the Juan de Fuca Plate
Mid-ocean ridges
Transform faults
Trenches
Spreading centers occur along


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
The northern and western margins of
the Juan de Fuca Plate
Mid-ocean ridges
Transform faults
Trenches
Convergent boundaries are

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
Regions of great mountain building
Areas of plate subduction
Regions of plate collision
All of these
Convergent boundaries are


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
Regions of great mountain building
Areas of plate subduction
Regions of plate collision
All of these
Earthquakes in the absence of
seafloor spreading, oceanic
trenches, or volcanic activity is a
characteristic feature of




Subduction zone
Divergent boundaries between plates
Convergent boundaries between
plates
Transform fault boundaries between
plates
Earthquakes in the absence of
seafloor spreading, oceanic
trenches, or volcanic activity is a
characteristic feature of




Subduction zone
Divergent boundaries between plates
Convergent boundaries between
plates
Transform fault boundaries between
plates