Transcript B3 C3 P3 REVISION QUIZ!

B3 C3 P3 REVISION QUIZ!
B3 Life on Earth
1. Which two of the following are required to
define a group of organisms as a species?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The organisms can breed together
The organisms look the same as each other
The organisms can produce fertile offspring
The organisms live in the same place
B3 Life on Earth
2. Scientists use the similarities and differences
between living things to put them into groups.
What is the scientific term for ‘putting things
into groups’?
B3 Life on Earth
3. Organisms have features that help them to
survive in their environments.
What is the scientific term for these features?
B3 Life on Earth
4. Organisms
depend on each
other in food webs.
Imagine we have
removed the crab.
Use the words,
increase, decrease
or stay the same
to answer these:
a) What would happen to the population of flat winkles?
b) What would happen to the population of herring gulls?
B3 Life on Earth
5. Give one reason why plants can only trap 1 to
3% of the light energy that reaches their leaves.
B3 Life on Earth
6. Fill in the missing energy values, A and B, in
this energy transfer diagram.
1,000,000 kJ
10,000 kJ
__A__ kJ
200 kJ
__B___ kJ
600 kJ
150 kJ
9200 kJ
Lost as waste, death, decay and heat from respiration
7. Match the statement below to the
correct letter in the diagram:
1. Denitrifying bacteria
2. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
3. Proteins in animals and plants
A
B3 Life on
Earth
B
C
B3 Life on Earth
8. The carbon cycle is another important cycle
that takes place in the environment.
a. Name one process that releases carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere.
b. Name one process that removes carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere.
B3 Life on Earth
9. Name two key pieces of evidence that
scientists use in their quest to prove the theory
of evolution.
Natural
B3 LifeSelection
on Earth
10. What does natural selection involve? Fill in the
missing scientific keywords below.
There must be differences between organisms (V__________)
There must be a change in the environment so that one organism is
better at gaining resources than another (C_____________)
These organisms have an increased chance of S_________
The surviving organisms have more offspring (R____________)
Increases numbers in population
B3 Life on Earth
11. Lamarck and Darwin are two scientists who
tried to explain the differences that we see in
living things.
Write one sentence to explain how
each scientist thought the giraffe’s
long necks evolved.
Lamarck - ?
Darwin - ?
B3 Life on Earth
12. Having a variety of animals and plants in an
area means there is a high ________________?
B3 Life on Earth
13. Why should we maintain
high biodiversity? [5 marks]
B3 Life on Earth
14. Which one of the following is a definition for the
word sustainability?
a) Meeting the needs of people today without
damaging the Earth for people of the future
b) Materials that are broken down in the
environment by microorganisms
c) The variety of living things, both within a species
and between different species
d) The removal of nitrogen from soil
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
1. Label this diagram of the Earth with the appropriate
key words.
A
B
C
D
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
2. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph.
The Earth’s outer layers are divided into a number of
____A_____ plates.
Each plate contains dense oceanic crust, often carrying
some lighter continental crust on top of it.
The plates move because of very slow _____B_______
currents in the underlying solid mantle.
Scientists have shown that it is possible to track the
position of a country by studying ___C______ particles in
the rocks.
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
3. Use the diagram and keywords below to explain
how salt can be extracted using solution mining. [5
marks]
Dissolve
Solution
Impurities
Evaporation
Crystallise
Filtering
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
4. Give the products for the two equations below.
Sodium
hydroxide
+
Potassium
+
hydroxide
Hydrochloric
acid
?
Sulfuric
acid
?
+
+
?
?
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
5. Draw a particle diagram to show the following
reaction:
4HCl + O2  2Cl2 + 2H2O
+
+
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
6. The following questions are about water treatment.
a) Name one disease that can be transmitted through
contaminated water.
b) What chemical is now used to treat water to prevent
water-borne disease?
c) What does THM stand for?
d) How do THMs form?
e) Why are some people worried
about the presence of THMs in
water supplies?
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
7. Name two uses of each of the chemicals
produced from salt below:
Chlorine
Sodium hydroxide
Hydrogen
•
•
•
•
•
•
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
8. These questions are about a key chemical process:
a) Name the process that uses an electrical current to
split sodium chloride (in a brine solution)
b) Name the four chemical elements in brine.
c) Name the three chemical products of this process.
d) Industry are trying to cut
down on the use of fossil
fuels to generate electricity
for this process. What types
of energy are they trying to
use instead?
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
9. This question is about chemicals in the
environment.
a) What are POPs?
b) Why are they a particular problem for people
living in the Arctic?
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
10. This pipe is made from PVC.
a) In the first stage of the process of making PVC,
manufacturers need to make vinyl chloride. What two
chemicals are required to make vinyl chloride?
b) Vinyl chloride monomers are joined together to make a
long chained poly vinyl chloride molecule in a process
know as p_____________?
c) PVC granules can then be
moulded into different
shapes using h______ and
p_________.
d) Why might a plasticiser be used with PVC?
P3 Sustainable Energy
1. A 3kW immersion heater heats water for a bath
over a period of 2 hours. The electricity used
costs 11p per unit.
a) Calculate the energy used by the immersion
heater to heat the bath water.
b) Calculate the cost of the energy
used.
P3 Sustainable Energy
2. For all electrical items, their power is related to
the current and the voltage of the electricity supply.
In the UK, the mains voltage is 230 V.
a) A hairdryer has a power rating of 700 W.
Calculate the current.
b) What is the mains power of an
appliance that needs a current
of 5 A to make it run?
P3 Sustainable Energy
Sankey diagram for
a filament bulb
Sankey diagram for
an energy-saving
bulb
3.
a) Calculate the efficiency of the two types of bulb above.
b) Suggest why filament bulbs should no longer be sold.
P3 Sustainable Energy
4. Define the following terms:
a) Primary energy source
b) Secondary energy source
P3 Sustainable Energy
5. a) Describe how you could generate an electric current
using the equipment below. [2 marks]
b) What type of current will be produced using this
method? [1 mark]
P3 Sustainable Energy
6. a) Use the words to label the numbered parts of this coalfired power station.
GENERATOR TURBINE FURNACE TRANSFORMER
b) How would this power station be different if it was a
nuclear power station?
P3 Sustainable Energy
7. These questions are about nuclear power.
a) Why are nuclear fuels and nuclear wastes
dangerous?
b) Name one way that dangerous nuclear wastes
are stored.
c) With reference to radioactive material, what
does it mean to be
i. contaminated
ii. Irradiated
d) Give two advantages of using nuclear power
instead of fossil fuels.
P3 Sustainable Energy
8. For the following renewable energy resources,
list one advantage and one disadvantage.
Renewable energy
resource
Solar power
Wind power
Biofuels
Advantage
Disadvantage
P3 Sustainable Energy
9. The following questions are about the National Grid.
a) What is the purpose of the National Grid?
b) What is the voltage of the UK domestic power
supply?
c) Why is it more efficient to distribute electricity at
much higher voltages (e.g. 200,000 V) on the
National Grid?
d) Name the piece of equipment
that can alter the voltage of an
a.c. electricity supply.
B3 C3 P3 REVISION QUIZ!
ANSWERS
B3 Life on Earth
1. Which two of the following are required to
define a group of organisms as a species?
a.
b.
c.
d.
The organisms can breed together
The organisms look the same as each other
The organisms can produce fertile offspring
The organisms live in the same place
B3 Life on Earth
2. Scientists use the similarities and differences
between living things to put them into groups.
What is the scientific term for ‘putting things
into groups’?
CLASSIFICATION
B3 Life on Earth
3. Organisms have features that help them to
survive in their environments.
What is the scientific term for these features?
ADAPTATIONS
B3 Life on Earth
4. Organisms
depend on each
other in food webs.
Imagine we have
removed the crab.
Use the words,
increase, decrease
or stay the same
to answer these:
a) What would happen to the population of flat winkles?
INCREASE
b) What would happen to the population of herring gulls?
DECREASE
B3 Life on Earth
5. Give one reason why plants can only trap 1 to
3% of the light energy that reaches their leaves?
Any one from:
Some passes straight through leaf
Some light cannot be used for photosynthesis
Some reflected from leaf
Some is transferred as waste heat
Some light does not fall on plants/falls on buildings/soil/water
instead
B3 Life on Earth
6. Fill in the missing energy values, A and B, in
this energy transfer diagram.
1,000,000 kJ
10,000 kJ
800 kJ
200 kJ
50 kJ
600 kJ
150 kJ
9200 kJ
Lost as waste, death, decay and heat from respiration
7. Match the statement below to the
correct letter in the diagram:
1. Denitrifying bacteria C
2. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria A
3. Proteins in animals and plants B
A
B3 Life on
Earth
B
C
B3 Life on Earth
8. The carbon cycle is another important cycle
that takes place in the environment.
a. Name one process that releases carbon
dioxide to the atmosphere. Respiration,
combustion, decomposition, volcanic activity
b. Name one process that removes carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere. Photosynthesis
B3 Life on Earth
9. Name two key pieces of evidence that
scientists use in their quest to prove the theory
of evolution.
Fossils
DNA
Natural
B3 LifeSelection
on Earth
10. What does natural selection involve? Fill in the
missing scientific keywords below.
There must be differences between organisms (VARIATION)
There must be a change in the environment so that one organism is
better at gaining resources than another (COMPETITION)
These organisms have an increased chance of SURVIVAL
The surviving organisms have more offspring (REPRODUCTION)
Increases numbers in population
B3 Life on Earth
11. Lamarck and Darwin are two scientists who tried to
explain the differences that we see in living things.
Write one sentence to explain how
each scientist thought the giraffe’s
long necks evolved.
Lamarck – Through stretching their neck to reach
high leaves on trees, their necks become longer
and this feature is passed on to offspring.
Darwin – Only those giraffes with long necks can
reach leaves, eat and survive to pass on this
feature to offspring.
B3 Life on Earth
12. Having a variety of animals and plants in an
area means there is a high BIODIVERSITY?
B3 Life on Earth
An ecosystem
can cope more
easily with natural
disasters.
We like to have nice
areas for walking,
hiking, sport, etc
It is not FAIR on other
organisms to put their
species at risk
13. Why should we maintain
high biodiversity? [5 marks]
It looks nice!
We depend on other species for:
FOOD
FUEL
NATURAL FIBRES
such as cotton and wool
MEDICINES
B3 Life on Earth
14. Which one of the following is a definition for the
word sustainability?
a) Meeting the needs of people today without
damaging the Earth for people of the future
b) Materials that are broken down in the
environment by microorganisms
c) The variety of living things, both within a species
and between different species
d) The removal of nitrogen from soil
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
1. Label this diagram of the Earth with the appropriate
key words.
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer core
D. Inner core
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
2. Fill in the gaps in this paragraph.
The Earth’s outer layers are divided into a number of
tectonic plates.
Each plate contains dense oceanic crust, often carrying
some lighter continental crust on top of it.
The plates move because of very slow convection currents
in the underlying solid mantle.
Scientists have shown that it is possible to track the
position of a country by studying magnetic particles in the
rocks.
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
3. Use the diagram and keywords below to explain
how salt can be extracted using solution mining. [5
marks]
EXAMPLE ANSWER: Water is
pumped down into rock. The salt
dissolves to form a solution (which
is brought to the surface). The
impurities do not dissolve (so stay
underground). The water is
evaporated. The salt crystallises as
the water evaporates. The salt
crystals are separated from the
remaining brine by filtering.
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
4. Give the products for the two equations below.
Sodium
hydroxide
+
Potassium
+
hydroxide
Hydrochloric
acid
Sulfuric
acid
Sodium
chloride
+
Potassium
+
sulfate
Water
Water
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
5. Draw a particle diagram to show the following
reaction:
4HCl + O2  2Cl2 + 2H2O
H
Cl
H
H
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
H
+
H
Cl
O
O
Cl
Cl
+
H
O
Cl
H
H
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
6. The following questions are about water treatment.
a) Name one disease that can be transmitted through
contaminated water. Cholera, typhoid, dysentry, gastroenteritis.
b) What chemical is now used to treat water to prevent
water-borne disease? Chlorine
c) What does THM stand for? Trihalomethanes
d) How do THMs form? When chlorine reacts with naturally found
organic matter.
e) Why are some people worried about the presence of
THMs in water supplies? Suspicion that THMs may lead to some
forms of cancer.
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
7. Name two uses of each of the chemicals produced from
salt below:
Chlorine
Sodium hydroxide
Hydrogen
• To treat drinking
water and waste
water
• To make bleach
• To make
hydrochloric acid
• To make bleach
• To make hydrochloric
acid
• To make plastics
including PVC
• To make solvents
• To make soap and paper
• To process food
products
• To remove pollutants
from water
• For chemical processing
and products
• To make fibres
• As a fuel to produce
steam
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
8. These questions are about a key chemical process:
a) Name the process that uses an electrical current to split sodium
chloride (in a brine solution). Electrolysis
b) Name the four chemical elements in brine. Na, Cl, O, H
c) Name the three chemical products of this process. Chlorine gas,
hydrogen gas, sodium hydroxide solution.
d) Industry are trying to cut down on the use of fossil
fuels to generate electricity for this process. What types of
energy are they trying to use instead?
Renewable sources such as burning
household and industrial wastes that
cannot be recycled.
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
9. This question is about chemicals in the environment.
a) What are POPs? Persistent organic pollutants.
b) Why are they a particular problem for people living in
the Arctic? POPs tend to accumulate in fatty tissue of
animals. Arctic people have a diet high in fat so may
consume a high quantity of
POPs.
C3 Chemicals in our Lives
10. This pipe is made from PVC.
a) In the first stage of the process of making PVC, manufacturers
need to make vinyl chloride. What two chemicals are required to
make vinyl chloride? Ethene and chlorine.
b) Vinyl chloride monomers are joined together to make a long
chained poly vinyl chloride molecule in a process know as
polymerisation?
c) PVC granules can then be moulded into different shapes using
heat and pressure.
d) Why might a plasticiser be used with PVC? To make it soft and
flexible.
P3 Sustainable Energy
1. A 3kW immersion heater heats water for a bath
over a period of 2 hours. The electricity used
costs 11p per unit.
a) Calculate the energy used by the immersion
heater to heat the bath water.
3 kW x 2 h = 6 kWh
b) Calculate the cost of the energy
used.
6 kWh x 11p = 66 p
P3 Sustainable Energy
2. For all electrical items, their power is related to the
current and the voltage of the electricity supply. In the UK,
the mains voltage is 230 V.
a) A hairdryer has a power rating of 700 W. Calculate the
current.
Power = voltage x current
700 W = 230 V x current current = 3 A
b) What is the mains power of an appliance
that needs a current of 5 A to make it run?
Power = 230 V x 5 A = 1150 W
P3 Sustainable Energy
Sankey diagram for
a filament bulb
Sankey diagram for
an energy-saving
bulb
3.
a) Calculate the efficiency of the two types of bulb above.
Filament bulb: 10 J ÷ 100 J x 100 = 10%
Energy saving: 75 J ÷ 100 J x 100 = 75%
b) Suggest why filament bulbs should no longer be sold.
Because they are inefficient/waste too much energy.
P3 Sustainable Energy
4. Define the following terms:
a) Primary energy source. An energy source that
occurs naturally e.g. coal, oil, natural gas,
wind, sunlight, wood.
b) Secondary energy source. An energy source
that is generated using a primary energy
source. E.g. our electricity.
P3 Sustainable Energy
5. a) Describe how you could generate an electric current
using the equipment below. [2 marks]
Move the magnet (1)
In and out of the coil (1)
Induced current (1)
b) What type of current will be produced using this
method? [1 mark] Alternating current
P3 Sustainable Energy
6. a) Use the words to label the numbered parts of this coalfired power station.
GENERATOR=3 TURBINE=2 FURNACE=1 TRANSFORMER=4
b) How would this power station be different if it was a
nuclear power station?
The furnace would not
be present. Instead
there would be a
nuclear reactor.
P3 Sustainable Energy
7. These questions are about nuclear power.
a) Why are nuclear fuels and nuclear wastes dangerous?
They are radioactive.
b) Name one way that dangerous nuclear wastes are
stored. Mixed with concrete. Stored under water.
c) With reference to radioactive material, what does it
mean to be
i.
ii.
Contaminated. When radioactive material lands on or gets
inside something.
Irradiated. When something is exposed to ionising radiation.
d) Give two advantages of using nuclear power instead of
fossil fuels. No CO2 produced. Produces far more energy
in comparison to the same amount of fossil fuel.
P3 Sustainable Energy
8. For the following renewable energy resources, list one
advantage and one disadvantage.
Renewable energy
resource
Advantage
Disadvantage
Solar power
Little/no waste products/pollution.
Potentially infinite energy supply.
Single dwellings can have own
electricity supply.
Dependent on having sunny days.
Unreliable. Low amount of energy
produced. Expensive.
Wind power
Little/no waste products/pollution.
Can be found singularly, but usually
many together in wind farms.
Potentially infinite energy supply.
Dependent on having windy days.
Unreliable. Low amount of energy
produced. Expensive. Could be
considered an eyesore?
Biofuels
Can be replaced quickly. Cheap
(relatively). Readily available.
Crops need to be replanted. Need a
large space to grow enough crops.
Low amount of energy produced.
Produces CO2.
P3 Sustainable Energy
9. The following questions are about the National Grid.
a) What is the purpose of the National Grid? To distribute
electricity to all the places we need it.
b) What is the voltage of the UK domestic power supply? 230 V
c) Why is it more efficient to distribute electricity at much higher
voltages (e.g. 200,000 V) on the National Grid? The higher the
voltage, the smaller the current needed for the same power
output to the user. With a smaller current, less energy is lost
due to heating in the wires.
d) Name the piece of equipment that can
alter the voltage of an a.c. electricity
supply. A transformer.