Transcript ASTER_OPERATION1

ASTER Operation
Scenario and Status
Y. Yamaguchi (Nagoya Univ., Japan)
M. Fujita, T. Tachikawa, M. Kato,
H. Tsu（ERSDAC, Japan),
M.J. Abrams, L. Maldonado (JPL, U.S.A.)
IGARSS 2011, July 28, 2011
Vancouver, Canada
Contents
1. ASTER Characteristics
2. SWIR Cryocooler Problem
3. Operation Scenario and Status
(1) Global Mapping (GM)
(2) TIR Nighttime Global Mapping (TGM)
(3) Gap Filler
(4) Underserved Area STAR
4. Concluding Remarks
ASTER Characteristics (1)
• Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection
Radiometer on NASA’s Terra (EOS AM-1) spacecraft
• ASTER instrument was provided by METI, Japan.
• Launched in December, 1999
Instruments on Terra
MODIS
ASTER (TIR)
ASTER (SWIR)
ASTER (VNIR)
MISR
MOPITT
CERES
ASTER Characteristics (2)
• Wide Spectral Coverage
3 bands in VNIR (0.52 – 0.86 μm)
6 bands in SWIR (1.6 – 2.43 μm)
5 bands in TIR (8.125 – 11.65 μm)
• High Spatial Resolution
15m for VNIR bands
30m for SWIR bands
90m for TIR bands
• Along-Track Stereo Capability
B/H 0.6
DEM Elevation accuracy:
15m (3σ)
DEM Geolocation accuracy: 50m (3σ)
 ASTER Global DEM (GDEM)
Backward
Nadir
Multiband Observation of Mt.Etna
ASTER VNIR
ASTER SWIR
RGB : 3,2,1
RGB : 9,5,4
ASTER TIR
Band 13
Fumarole
Lava (low albedo)
Snow (high albedo)
Lava (high temp.)
Snow (low albedo)
6km
Lava (high temp.)
Snow (low temp.)
Imaged on May 7, 2000
SWIR Cryocooler Problem
SWIR Temperature (2004-2008)
K 125
317K
• The SWIR detector temperature had been
120
kept at 77 K by the cryocooler.
115
• The detector temperature started rising
in 2004 due to the cryocooler malfunction,
105
and exceeded 90 K in May 2008.
110
100
• Partial saturation in SWIR image data
occurred in 2007, and no usable SWIR
90
data has been acquired since May 2008.
95
85
80
75
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
SWIR Image Saturation
Partially saturated
SWIR image (band 9)
acquired at 86.9 K
Totally saturated
SWIR image (band 4
and 5) acquired at 94 K
ASTER Observation Modes
Observation
Mode
Subsystem
VNIR
SWIR
TIR
Full Mode
Daytime
Nighttime
Data Rate
(Mbps)
89.2
--
VNIR Mode
TIR Mode
--
S + T Mode
--
Operational
--
--
62.0
4.1
27.2
Unavailable
Operation Scenario
and Status
Total ASTER Scenes : 2,014,401
■Observed □Never Observed
As of June 1, 2011
ASTER Daytime VNIR Scenes
ASTER Nighttime TIR Scenes
Data Acquisition Requests
Data Acquisition Request (DAR)
Local Observations by Individual Users
Science Team Acquisition Request (STAR)
• Regional Monitoring, Urgent Observation
(vegetation, volcanoes, glaciers, cities)
• Global Mapping (GM)
• TIR Nighttime Global Mapping (TGM)
• Gap Filler
• Underserved Area STAR
Operation Scenario and Status
(1) Global Mapping (GM)
• Daytime Full Mode Observation
• High Sun Angle
• Optimum Gain for Local Land Surface
• No More Than 20 % Cloud Cover
• Minimum Snow and Ice Cover
Global Mapping (GM-3)
□GM3H : Area 67,688,813 km2
□GM3M : Area 64,472,470 km2
□GM3L : Area 47,787,553 km2
Life Time: 2006/03/27-2010/04/01
Observation Condition
Cloud < 20 %, Day, Full Mode,
Sun Angle: 40-90°
Global Mapping
Lifetime
GM-1
Dec. 2000 to
Mar. 2006
GM-2
Aug. 2003 to
Mar. 2006
GM-3
Mar. 2006 to
Oct. 2009
GM-4
Oct. 2009 to
Apr. 2015
Target Areas
Observation
Parameters
All land + coastal areas
Depend on the
(High, medium, low
priority, surface type,
priority areas)
season, latitude, etc.
Selected areas
(GM-1 high priority
areas only)
All land + coastal areas
(High, medium, low
priority areas, GM-1
high priority areas
extended)
Similar to GM-1, but
relaxed the sun
elevation condition
Same as GM-3
Same as GM-2
Same as GM-2
GM Daily Observation Scenes
93,063
13,067
GM1
2000-10-05 to 2006-03-29
63,253
10,730
GM2
2003-08-30 to 2006-03-29
54,868
84,830
76,230
GM3
2006-3-30 to 2009-09-30
GM4
2009-10-1 to 2015-4-1
As of Nov. 24th,2010
Operation Scenario and Status
(2) TIR Nighttime Global Mapping
(TGM)
TIR Nighttime Global Mapping (TGM)
Observation Condition
AvoidCloud : NO, Night, TIR only Mode
□AOI of TGM1, Life Time: 2004/12/01 – 2006/08/31
□AOI of TGM2-1, Life Time: 2006/04/01 – 2010/04/01
□AOI of TGM2-2, Life Time: 2007/04/01 – 2010/03/31
□AOI of TGM2-3, Life Time: 2008/01/10 – 2009/04/01
□AOI of TGM2-4, Life Time: 2008/04/11 – 2009/04/01
TIR Nighttime Global Mapping (TGM-3, 4)
Achievement
■ < 20 %
■ 20 to 50 %
■ 50 to 80 %
■ > 80 %
■TGM3 70.3 %
■TGM4 17.3 %
Operation Scenario and Status
(3) Gap Filler
For the areas where cloud-free
ASTER imagery has never been
acquired.
We identify the target areas and
submit STAR every half a year.
Observed Scenes of Gap Filler 2011
As of June 1st,2011
■ 8 scenes with Cloud Coverage < 10 %
■ 140 observed Scenes
■AOI of Under-served Area STAR
Life Time: 2011/05/01 – 2011/12/01
23
Observation Condition
Avoid Cloud : 10 %, Day, Full
Mode,
Sun Angle:20-90 °
Operation Scenario and Status
(4) Underserved Area STAR
For the areas where 3 times or
less cloud-free ASTER imagery
has been acquired. The target
areas were identified in the GDEM
processing.
Underserved Area STAR
□Underserved Area : 21,609,180 km2
UA2008 : Life Time:2008/12/27-2010/03/11
UA2010 : Life Time:2010/03/03-2015/01/01
Observation Condition
Cloud < 20 %, Day, Full Mode,
Sun Angle : 40-90°or 20-90°
Achievement of
Underserved Area STAR 2010
75.6% as of June 1st,2011
Achievement
■ < 20 %
■ 20 to 50 %
■ 50 to 80 %
■ > 80 %
Observation Condition
Cloud < 20 %, Day, Full Mode,
Sun Angle : 40-90°or 20-90°
Acquired Scenes of
Different Data Acquisition Categories
Concluding Remarks
The ASTER instrument has obtained more than
2 million scenes since January 2000.
ASTER operation scenario is carefully designed
to maximize data acquisition.
No usable SWIR image data has been acquired
since May 2008 due to the SWIR cryocooler
malfunction.
Thank you for your attention.
To get ASTER Data http://www. ersdac.or.jp/
https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/
ASTER Homepage http://www.ersdac.or.jp/
http://asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov/