Transcript Bacteria Classification and Characteristics

BACTERIA
CLASSIFICATION AND
CHARACTERISTICS
JON ADAMS, NATE ROBINSON, AND STEVEN THOMPSON
TODAY WE ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT...
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Classifications
Gram staining positive/ negitive
Bacterias shapes
How bacteria moves
What makes up bacteria
EUBACTERIA
• Cell walls made of peptidoglycan
• Fatty Acids
-Linked to glycerol by ester
bonds (COOC)
• Some need oxygen, some don’t
• Some make their own food,
some don’t
ARCHAEBACTERIA
• Cell Walls made up of protein-carbohydrate
molecules
• Fatty acids
-Linked to isoprenoids by ether bonds (COC)
• More complex RNA polymerase
ARCHAEBACTERIA
• No proteins in cell
• Plasmids within cell to code for
different enzymes
• Ancient organisms that cannot live
with oxygen
• Said to be the first living organisms
on Earth
CLASSIFICATION
• Morphological – microscopic and staining
information
• Physiological/biochemical - metabolism of
foods and byproducts produced
• Serological testing - antibodies identify
specific surface antigens
• G-C content - Good for clarifying taxonomic
positions of groups
GRAM STAINING
• Differentiate two large groups of bacteria
• Based on their different cell wall area
• Separated between Gram positive and Gram
negative
• Red or violet
• Named after Hans Christian Gram
GRAM POSITIVE
• Deep-purple color
• Acidic parts of a cell absorb stains that are positive
• Stain does not go away even after washed
GRAM NEGATIVE
• Ones that lost their stain
• But response to another
• Stains the background of cell smears
• Not the organism directly
• No color
TEST RESULTS
• Alkaline parts combine with negative and
positive stains
• Gram staining is one of many test use in labs
• To help analysis and diagnose diseases
• Gram staining is something that is used in all
labs around the world
• Helps food industries, government agencies,
etc.
BACTERIAL SHAPES
Bacteria come in a number of different shapes:
• Spherical (coccus)
• Rod (baccilus)
• Spiral (spirilla)
HOW DOES BACTERIA MOVE?
• Bacteria can have flagella (hairs or tails) that helps them
move
• Some develop a slime that helps them glide about
• They also can hold out thin spikes to hold themselves to
surfaces
THINGS YOU SHOW KNOW ABOUT A
BACTERIAL CELL
• Cell wall: It protects the bacteria from other harmful substances
• Cell membrane: It helps keep everything inside the cell and controls what
goes out
• Peptidoglycan: Maintains the shape of the cell
• Ribosome: Make proteins
• Flagellum: Allows the cell to move
• DNA: It contains the genetic instruction that controls the cells day to day
function
• Pili: Thin ridged fiber that help the bacteria stick to surfaces
BACTERIA DIAGRAM