Transcript BMP Case Studies

Sources, Transport, Fate
Treatment Methodologies
BMP Case Studies
Raymond Kurz, Ph.D.
Program Manager, West Florida Sciences
Sarasota, Florida
Expertise Needed to Solve Microbial
Contamination Problems in Stormwater
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Environmental Microbiology/Bacterial Source
Tracking
Stormwater Modeling and Treatment System
Design
Watershed Management
Public Health
Ecological Sciences (wildlife ecology)
Water/Sediment Quality Monitoring and Data
Analysis
Wastewater Treatment Evaluations and Design
TMDLs
Sources
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Birds
Mammals
Reptiles
Livestock
Pets
Sediments
Humans
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Sewer lines
Septic tanks
Average Concentration of Fecal Coliform Bacteria in Stormwater?
15,000-22,000 cfu/100ml
Transport
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Direct wastewater outfalls
Indirect outfalls (septic
systems to groundwater
intercepted by
ditches/creeks)
Stormwater runoff (overland
flow)
Ditches
Pipes
Rivers/Creeks
Tides
Tides
El Jobean, Charlotte
County
 Septic systems along
canal
 Lipp (2000) found
inverse correlation
between tide stage
and bacteria
concentrations
 Tidal prism created
transport mechanism
Tide (ft)
FC (cfu/100ml)
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Source
Tracking
Flow
Diagram
(from
USEPA,
2005 (draft)
JEA Source Tracking Decision Tree
START
Putative Source = Ruminant
Intensive Site Sampling: Indicator Suite
Ruminant- specific Bacteroides
PCR Using Bacteroids
Positive Test
STOP
(except control)
Fluorometry
PCR for
Human-specific PCR
E. faecalis
No Evidence for Fecal
Problem
STOP
Human- specific
Bacteroides &
Enterococcus PCR
Library-based
Enterococcus Source
Identification
STOP
Source = Ruminant
Library-based
Enterococci Source
Identification
Source = Human
Human- & Ruminant- Specific
Bacteroides PCR
Link Observed
Source from
Sanitary Survey
Source = Ruminant
Source = Human
Source = Ruminant
Link to
Observed
Source from
Sanitary Survey
Link to
Observed
Source from
Sanitary
Survey
Link to
Observed
Source from
Sanitary
Survey
Source = Human
Link to
Observed
Source from
Sanitary
Survey
Source =
Ruminant
Link to
Observed
Source from
Sanitary
Survey
Source =
Human
Link to
Observed
Source from
Sanitary
Survey
Other Source Categories
BMP Case Studies
 SWFWMD
 Phillippi
Creek
 Atlantic WWTP
 Celery Fields
 Siesta Key
 Myrtle Beach
SWFWMD BMP Evaluation
(Kurz, 1998)
 Sand
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Pulsed export of bacteria initially
 Wet
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Detention – 70-98%
5 day shallow pond greater removal than 14day deep pond
 Alum
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Filtration – 65%
(jar tests) – 99%
Bacteria (and viruses) still viable in floc after
several days
Phillippi Creek WBID 1937
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Posted for “no swimming”
since mid 1990s
Verified Impaired for FC
Suspected source = septic
systems
Other sources = stormwater,
package WWTPs
Poorly drained soils,
proximity of drainfields to
creek
Miles of drainage canals
Phillippi Creek Septic Tank
Replacement Program
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14,000 septic
systems to be
replaced over next 710 years
 Expected reduction
in FC in surface
waters (creek)
 Ongoing monitoring
using optical
brighteners linked
with FC samples to
assess effectiveness
Off-line Treatment and Disposal
(Reuse)
Atlantic WWTP – being
decommissioned
 Feasibility Study to
evaluate potential for
surface/stormwater
treatment and distribution
to reuse
 Parameters of interest:
FC, color, iron
 Historical flow analysis
(underway)
 100% removal of FC and
nutrient loads
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Date
10
1
10/1/2004
9/1/2004
8/1/2004
7/1/2004
6/1/2004
5/1/2004
4/1/2004
3/1/2004
2/1/2004
1/1/2004
12/1/2003
11/1/2003
10/1/2003
9/1/2003
8/1/2003
7/1/2003
6/1/2003
4/1/2005
3/1/2005
2/1/2005
1/1/2005
100
11/30/04
1000
12/1/2004
10000
10/30/04
Phillippi Creek at Atlantic WWTP
11/1/2004
Date
9/30/04
8/30/04
7/30/04
6/30/04
5/30/04
4/30/04
3/30/04
2/29/04
1/30/04
12/30/03
11/30/03
10/30/03
9/30/03
8/30/03
7/30/03
6/30/03
Fecal Coliforms (cfu/100 ml)
Discharge (cfs)
Phillippi Creek Main A Discharge
Phillippi Creek-5 Measured Discharge
1600.0
1400.0
1200.0
1000.0
800.0
600.0
400.0
200.0
0.0
Wet Detention
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Celery Fields,
Sarasota County
 500 acre stormwater
detention facility
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Flood storage
Water quality
Wetland mitigation
Recreational use
Celery Fields Regional Stormwater Facility
100000
Inflow
Celery Fields North Outfall
Celery Fields South Outfall
Fecal Coliform (cfu/100ml)
10000
400 cfu/100 ml threshold
1000
100
10
12/17/04
11/22/04
10/22/04
9/21/04
8/23/04
7/21/04
6/30/04
5/28/04
4/28/04
3/31/04
2/26/04
1/20/04
12/18/03
11/19/03
10/22/03
9/24/03
8/22/03
7/24/03
6/30/03
5/22/03
4/29/03
3/27/03
2/24/03
1/29/03
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Date
•Fecal coliform removal (concentration based method) = 47 to 58%
•7 of 24 events still above threshold
Siesta Key Beach
Beach advisory – “no
swim”
 Follow up BST study
– non-human
 Feasibility study –
divert discharge
location, disinfection
system
 Treatment Train
Approach
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Sources
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Sediments in pipe
 Sediments and
organic matter in
ditch to beach
 Birds at outfall to
beach
Treatment Train
 Wet
Detention
 Force Main
 Filtration
 UV
Myrtle Beach
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Construct outfalls offshore of
beach (1,000 ft)
Dilution, move discharge away
from recreational area
Three outfalls - construction cost
to the city = approximately $24
million
Permitting?
Recurrence?
UV treatment being considered
Process
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Perform FC/Enterococcus sampling
Perform source tracking
Evaluate sources and methods to control source
(sediments, wildlife, illicit discharge, diffuse
discharge)
Evaluate costs and constructability
Grant funding? TMDL waterbody? BMAP?
Implement
Monitor