Transcript A+B=AB
GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROP Akash Charles 9 STD R.C.I.S I. II. III. IV. GENES GE CROP JATROPHA MY GE CROP A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism Genes correspond to regions within DNA, a molecule composed of a chain of four different types of nucleotides. The sequence of these nucleotides is the genetic information organisms inherit GENETIC ENGINEERING IS THE PROCESS OF TRANSFERRING GENES FROM ONE ORGANISM TO A DIFFERENT PLANT OR ANIMAL THE RESULTING ORGANISM IS CALLED A GMO [GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM] ii 70% OF PROCESSED FOODS IN AMERICA CONTAIN GENETICALLY ENGINEERED INGREDIENTS About 200 million acres of farmland worldwide are now used to grow GE crops The majority of genetically modified crops grown today are engineered to be resistant to pesticides and/or herbicides so that they can withstand being sprayed with weed killer while the rest of the plants in the field die. Some crops that have been genetically engineered are corn, flax , tomato, rice , soybean and potato TO GENETICALLY ENGINEER A CROP SCIENTISTS USE A NATURAL ENGINEER LIKA BACTERIA .EX AGROBACTERIUM 2bthe DNA encoding the desired trait is painted on microscopic metal particles 4.The new DNA migrates to the plant chromosomes where the genetic material is permanently integrated 2 .There are two methods that diverge to path A and B 3a. The bacterium is attached to the plant cells liberating the plasmid 5.The modified plants multiply in a culture along with the new gene. Then the plant cells grow in a another culture which differentiate the cells of a plant 2a.the new DNA is linked to a transfer plasmid which is absorbed by the bacteria The microscopic particles are fired through a gene guns projectiles as plant cells in the plant cell the fluids wash the DNA of the metal particles 6.The plantlets are transferred to the soil where the grow into new plants along with a beneficial trait 1.The DNA that encodes the genetic information must be isolated A GE CROP GIVES A HIGHER YIELD AND RESULTS IN THE INCREASE OF THE FARMERS INCOME FARMERS HAVE REDUCED THE USE OF PESTICIDES BY 289,000 METRIC TONS BY GROWING GE CROPS FARMERS DON’T HAVE TO TILL OR PLOUGH THE LAND GROWING GE CROPS ON LAND HAS REDUCED SOIL EROSION BY I BILLION TONS CERTAIN GE CROPS HAVE REDUCED THE USE OF WATER BY 5 MILLION GALONS SOME GE PRODUCTS MAY HAVE TOXINS /POISONS SOME PRODUCTS MAY CAUSE FOOD ALLERGIES SOME GE CROPS MAY DAMAGE THE NUTRITION OF THE FOOD SOME GE CROPS MAKE FARMERS USE MORE PESTICIDES SOME GE CROPS CAUSE GENETIC POLLUTION THROUGH THE CROSS POLLINATION OF GE POLLEN GE CROPS THAT ARE INSECT RESSISTANT DAMAGE BENEFICIAL INSECTS LIKE BUTTERFLIES AND BEES CERTAIN GE CROPS CAUSE THE CREATION OF SUPER WEEDS AND SUPER PESTS PLANTS GENETICALLY ENGINEERED TO RESIST VIRUSES MAY MAKE THE VIRUS MUTUATE INTO A MORE VIRULENT FORM CERTAIN GE PLANTS MIGHT OVER POWER OTHER SPECIES GE PLANTS CAN ALSO HARM HUMANS IN MANY WAYS Jatropha is a tropical and subtropical plant that can grow almost anywhere Jatropha is a poisonous plant Jatropha is a small tree that can reach the height of 3-8 metres and can grow with little care There are around 175 species of Jatropha Jatropha can live for up to 50 years and has an economic life of up to 35 years Jatropha Curcas is the best species Jatropha seeds is used for making biodiesel Jatropha is native to north ad south America JATROPHA OIL IS USED AS BIODIESEL FOR AUTOMOBILES THE OIL IS ALSO USED IN SOAPS THE WASTES AFTER EXTRACTING THE BIODIESEL CAN BE USED AS A FERTILISER THE OIL IS USED IN PLACTICS CANDLES VARNISH LUBRICATING OILS AND POLISH INDUSTRIES ITS ROOTS AR USED FOR MEDICINES TO HEAL A SNAKE BITE . THE LEAVES ARE USED AS FERTILISER AND IN AYURVEDIC MEDICINES biodiesel I AM GOING TO GENETICALLY ENGINEER THE JATROPHA PLANT SO THAT THE PLANT BECOMES EDIBLE WITH THE HELP OF A BACTERIA’SPLASMID . MY CROP WILL HAVE TO BE TESTED WHETHER IT IS GENETICALLY MODIFIED BY A COLOUR TEST MY CROP WILL HAVE TO BE TESTED TO CHECK IF IT HAS LOST ANY OF ITS PREVIOUS CHARACTERISTICS MY CROP WILL BE TESTED IF IT WILL DO WELL IN THE MARKET MY CROP WILL HAVE TO BE TESTED TO SEE HOW IT BENEFITS THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMANS MY CROP WILL HAVE TO BE TESTED TO SEE IF THE BACTERIA I USE AFFECTS THE PLANT EX. SOME PLANTS THAT WERE GENETICALLY MODIFIED BY AGRO BACTERIUM WERE HARMED BY THE BACTERIA AGRO BACTERIUM MY NEW JATROPHA PLANT WILL BE EDIBLE AND HENCE IT CAN BE USED AS A VEGETABLE OIL USING THE NEW JATROPHA PLANT WILL RESULT IN LESSER DEATHS OF HIMANS THE NEW OIL MADE FROM THE SEEDS COULD REDUCE THE DISEASES CAUSED BY THE PREVIOUS PLANT THE NEW PLANT WILL NOT KILL USEFUL INSECTS LIKE BUTTERFLIES MOTHS ETC THE NEW PLANT WILL DO WELL IN THE MARKET WILL INCREASE THE NEW NONPOISONOUS LEAVES CAN BE USED AS FODDER FOR CATTLE THE LEAVES CAN BE USE TO MAKE BIOGAS AND MANURE FARMERS WILL BENEFIT WITH AN INCREASED INCOME BY CULTIVATING THE NEW PLANT THE FUMES RELEASED BY THE BIODIESEL WILL BE LESS TOXIC fruit THE NEW PLANT CAN BE EASILY HARMED BY PESTS BIODIESEL MAY NOT BE EXTRACTED FROM THE NEW PLANT THE NEW PLANT MAY LOSE A LOT OF ITS PREVIOUS USES THE NEW PLANTS YIELD MIGHT BE AFFECTED AND MIGHT DO BADLY IN THE MARKET THE BACTERIA USED IN THE GENETIC ENGINEERING OF MY PLANT MIGHT DO HARM TO THE PLANT seed THE LEAVES CAN BE USED AS BIOGAS AND THE FRUITS CAN BE SOLD HENCE INCRESING THE FARMERS INCOME MAKING THE PLANT EDIBLE WILL MAKE THE PLANT SAFER FOR THE SOCIETY .BIOGAS WILL BE EASIER TO HANDLE THE NEW PLANT WILL RESULT IN THE DEATH OF IMPORTANT INSESCTS LIKE BUTTERFLIES BEES ETC ETHICALLY IF MY FARMER NEXT DOOR NEEDS SOME INSECTS MY FARM GROWING MY GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROP WONT AFFECT HIS FARM