Transcript Seed Inoculums - Amazon Web Services

Seed Inoculums &
Activators
BioNutrient Food Association
Soil and Nutrition Conference 2016
Crop Services International
Your partner in Successful Conversion to Sustainable,
Biological, Organic and Energetic for over 40 years
Dane Terrill
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Soil Testing and Interpretation
Consulting
Remineralization
Biological Activation
Soil Foodweb Advisor
Fertility Recommendations
Supplier of Quality Products
www.cropservicesintl.com
 Compost Tea Spray Service
 Organic Lawn Care
 Biological Growing Consultant
 Biological Testing and Interpretation
 Educational Talks, Lectures and Walks
7700 Sprinkle Rd, Portage, MI 49002
616-246-7933
 Vermicomposting
Soil Biology Crash Course
Very very large number of microbes in HEALTHY soil? How Large
Perspective
Counting - 1 number per second
 Million ≈ 12 days
 Billion ≈ 31 years (6 Billion Microbes in healthy soil)
 Trillion ≈ 32 thousand years
Is our current understanding of the number of microbes correlated to
the time to count them?.
© Crop Services Intl
www.cropservicesintl.com
Source: Soil Biology Primer 2000
Biological Components of a Healthy Soil
• Not from a Stethoscope
• From a Microscope “Let’s take a look”
© Flowerfield Enterprises, LLC
Bacteria
 Decomposers, Solubilizers, Mutualists,
 Rhizobia, Azotobacter, B. subtillus and B. thuringiensis (Bt)
 Alkaline by nature
 Physical Shapes
 Round-cocci
 Rod- Bacillus
 Spiral- Spirochete
 Notes
 Largest % of N
 Virile
 Out of balance in soils
 Compaction
 Weeds
 Bacterial diseases
 Nutrient Leaching
Bacteria
Compost Tea
400 X Mag
© Flowerfield Enterprises, LLC
Fungi
 Decomposers- break down Lignin and Cellulose
 Mutualists- symbiotic relationship with plants (Mycorrhizae)
 Pathogens- to plants (causing loss) to microbes (nematodes)
 Acidic by nature
 Common: Trichoderma, Mycorrhizae, Verticillium, Clonostachys,
Beauvaria
 Physical Shapes
 Hyphae-thread like structures
 Notes
 Convert OM into Humus (Sequester carbon)
 Out of balance in soils
 Compaction
 Nutrient Leaching
 Lack of fungal disease suppression
Fungi
Mycorrhizal Fungi
© Flowerfield Enterprises, LLC
Protozoa
Nutrient Cycler in the soil (N)
Common: Ciliates, Flagellates, Amobae
Consume Bacteria and other protozoa
Create soil aggregates
Protozoa Math
8000 N molecules mineralized/protozoa/day
X 50000 protozoa/gram of healthy soil
400,000,000 N molecules made available
=
7ng of N/gram of soil/day
Growing plants need 0.2ng of N/gram/day
Flagellate
Ciliates
Protozoa
Rotifer
Amoebae
Nematodes
Non-segmented worm-like microbe
Most are beneficial
Nutrient Cyclers, eat bacteria, fungi and nematodes
Common
Bacterial Feeders
Fungal Feeders
Switchers
Parasitic
Vermicompost typically is loaded with Nematodes
Fungal-feeder
Nematodes
Bacterial-Feeder
Bacterial-feeder
Predatory Nematode
Root Feeder
Ever seen these?
Hint: not a GMO carrot
Here is the culprit
Microbes function in Healthy Soil
 Residue Management:
 They decompose the plant residues.
 Seed Germination:
 Protect first radical from soil pathogens
 Solubilize minerals
 Growth/Flower/Fruiting Stage:
 Liberate the Nitrogen and Minerals necessary for plant
growth
 Protect roots, shoots & fruits from bacterial, fungal and
insect outbreaks
 Produce organic plant foods from organic residues in the
soil
 Build and improve soil structure
Balance
Seed Germination
Seed swells up with moisture, cracks and first radical
shoots out and down
Like the intestinal tract of a newborn child void of any gut
flora, the radical is vulnerable
Critical time for inoculation of beneficial microbes
(bacteria, fungi, protozoas and nematodes)
Inoculation & Protection
Needs of the Radical
Radical’s job is to anchor the plant (main root)
Scavenging for soluble nutrients particularly (P)
Nutrient Solubilizers are critical at this stage
(Consortiums-Not individuals)
Carbon as a food source
Moisture
Minerals and Trace Minerals
Looking for air spaces in the soil for root to penetrate
Nutrient Solubilizers
Biological Seed Inoculums
No seed treatment
Seed Treatment ½#/Acre
Applied with 2 g of fish, 1 pt. of Kelp, and 1 g molasses.
Specific Microbes and Families
Acinetobacter – colonize seedling within 3 days, solubilizes P, eats diesel oil
Azotobacter – bacteria, converts soil N and atmospheric N in soil and on foliage
Bacillus- bacteria, secretes plant growth hormones and antifungal compounds
Pseudomonas- bacterial solubilizers, breaks down toxins
Peptococcus activus- enhances germination in high cadmium soils(rhizosphere)
Pencillium – fungi that solubilizes P and Ca (soil)
Trichoderma- antagonistic fungi against pathogens (soil)
Clonostachys – antagonistic fungi against pathogen, colonizes root (rhizosphere)
Mycorrhizal- symbiotic with plant roots, nutrient solubilizer (rhizosphere)
2016 over 2000 individual species tested on 500,000 acres
Consortiums
Consortiums
Adding multiple species together creates symbiosis
T. harzianum with B. subtillus
Rebuild or mimic the Soil Foodweb
Compost, vermicompost
Biological Products
We simply don’t have enough scientific data (2-5%) to use
isolates alone.
Diversity
Diversity
Nitrifying (Azotobacter, Bacillus,
Pseudomonas)
Solubilizing (Pseudomonas, Bacillus,
Mycorrhizal fungi, Protozoas)
Decomposing (Bacteria, Fungi)
Insecticidal (B. thuringienis, B. bassiana,
V. leccani)
Fungicidal (Trichoderma, Clonostachys)
Make your own Inoculum
• Compost and/or Teas/Extracts
– Use indigenous species
– Add diversity, soil from woods, compost, worm castings
– Add Kelp or Seawater
– Add Carbon (humates, biochar (loaded)
– Spray on, put in furrow, or soak seeds
Good
Results
Soybeans
Planted May 5, 2008
5 gallons CT/acre
in furrow
20 gallons CT/acre
soil drench w/humic
5 gallons CT/acre
Foliar feed (6/01/08)
5 gal. CT/acre
Foliar feed (7/4/08)
Soybean root: 22 inches long- 6/19/08
5 gal. CT/acre
Foliar feed (8/16/08)
Note: compaction layers at 11” and 18”
Yield: 41.6
Bushel/Acre
Cass County Ave: 36
bushel/acre
Broad Spectrum Inoculums
 Diversity– Worm Castings/compost
 Groups Added
 Nitrifying
 Solubilizers (mineral and trace minerals)
 Protectors (bacteria and Antagonistic fungi)
 Kelp – Plant Growth Hormones Cytokinin's, Auxins and Gibberellins
 Soluble (immediately available) and Raw(slow release)
 Trace minerals
 Mycorrhizal – good balance of biological activity for colonization to
occur. (weak sister)
 Carbon – food source for the microbes until exudates start to flow
Better
Specific Inoculums
Use good or better inoculum
Add known species for specific crops or conditions
Trichoderma family- antagonistic
Bacillus subtillus- anti fungal compounds
Bacillus thuringenis- insecticidal properties
Clonostachys rosea- fungal pathogen suppression
BEST
Adding Specific Microbes
Keys to Seed Inoculums
Balance
Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes
Diversity
If we only know 2-5%, why target individual species
Protectors
Consortiums are better than individual
Solubilizers
Nutrition is critical for genetic potential (even in cold soils)
Activators – Carbon (fish, molasses, humic and amino acids)
Let Mother Nature sort it out work
Questions, Comment or Concerns
Dane Terrill
Crop Services International
7700 S Sprinkle Rd
Portage, MI 49002
269-757-3519 cell
800-260-7933 office
[email protected]
www.cropservicesintl.com