Transcript Living Things

Living Things
Chapter 2
What is Life?
• Characteristics of living things
– _____________
– _______________
– ______________
– ________________________
– ________________
– ___________
Cellular Organization
• Cells - basic unit of structure and function in an
organism – microscopic
• Unicellular - Single celled (bacteria)
• Multicellular-Many cells that are
specialized to do certain tasks
Example: muscle and nerve cells
perform certain tasks in the body to
help us move and feel.
Chemicals of life
• Most abundant chemical in cells is_______
• ____________ are a cell’s main energy source
• _______________ are the building blocks of
cells.
• ___________carry the genetic material,
chemical instructions that direct the cell’s
activities.
Energy Use and Response
• All cells use ___________to do work such as
repair injuries and move chemicals throughout
the body
• _____________________ – reactions to changes
in the environment. Example: plant bends
toward the light, remove hand from a hot stove.
– ________- change in an organisms surroundings that
causes a reaction
– ___________- an action or change in behavior
Growth, Development, and
Reproduction
• ______-the process of becoming larger.
• ____________- process of change that occurs
to make organisms more complex.
• _________________- produce offspring that
are similar to the parents – not exact!
• _________________- living things cannot
arise from non-living things through
___________________(mistaken idea)
Redi
• ____________________-helped to disprove
spontaneous generation.
– Controlled experiment to show that flies do not arise from
decaying meat
– _____________________(Independent Variable) was
whether or not the jars were covered to allow the flies to
get to the meat inside.
– Flies were able to enter the uncovered jars and lay eggs.
– The eggs hatched into maggots which developed into flies.
– No flies were able to enter the covered jar – no maggots
were formed
– ____________ - rotting meat does not produce flies!
Pasteur
• ___________-credited with disproving the
theory of spontaneous generation through his
experiment with bacteria and broth.
• ______________________1.
Clear broth into two flasks with curved necks. The necks
let oxygen into the broth but were to keep bacteria out.
2. Boiled broth in one flask but not the other
3. Unboiled broth became cloudy showing that new
bacteria were growing . Boiled broth remained clear.
4. _________________– new bacteria only arise from living
bacteria that were already present in the unboiled broth.
Needs of Living Things
1. __________ - all living things need water to
survive. Water is used for breaking down
food, growth, transport of nutrients, and
reproduction.
2. ____-source of energy to live.
1. ________________________ – make their own food.
Example: plants capture suns energy and make their
own food – this process is called ________________.
2. __________________________ – obtain energy by
feeding on others. Example: animals, mushrooms,
and slime molds.
Needs of Living Things Continued
3. ______________-a place to get food, water, and
find shelter. The surroundings must provide
what the organism needs to live, grow, and
reproduce. This sometimes leads to _________
because space is limited on Earth and there are
many living things competing for the same
space.
4. _________________________-conditions inside
of an organisms body must remain stable even
when conditions outside of the body change
dramatically.
-___________________-maintenance of stable internal
conditions
Microscope Lab