Transcript February 29 Kingdom Monera (cont`d)

KINGDOM
MONERA ( C O N T ’ D )
F E B R U A RY 2 9 T H 2 0 1 6
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Identify and label structures of a generic Moneran
• Identify and Describe the four criteria through which
Moneran are classified
• Describe the ways in which Moneran
obtain/metabolize energy
• Describe the three ways Moneran reproduce
SHAPE OF THE DAY
•1. Language of Biology – Practice (10 min)
•2. Lecture (20 minutes)
•3. Bacteria Research Mini Project –
Remaining Time
HOW WE MAKE ENERGY
Organisms get energy
through metabolism, like
fuel in a car.
Metabolism a series of
chemical reactions that
produce energy.
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE MAKE ENERGY
There are mainly two ways
which organisms can use
(metabolize) the energy
that they get
1. Respiration
2. Fermentation
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE MAKE ENERGY
Cellular
Respiration
Metabolic
process that
requires oxygen
C6H12O6 + O2
=> CO2 + H2O +
36ATP (Energy!)
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE MAKE ENERGY
Fermentation
Metabolic
process that
DOES NOT
require
oxygen
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE MAKE ENERGY
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE MAKE ENERGY
1. Obligate Aerobes: Monerans that
need oxygen in order to produce
energy (aerobic respiration)
2. Obligate Anaerobes: Monerans
that will die in the presence of oxygen
3. Facultative Anaerobe: Monerans
that can produce energy in oxygen, but
switch to fermentation if there is no
oxygen.
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE MAKE ENERGY
Which of these tubes
contain
1. Obligate anaerobic
bacteria?
2. Facultative anaerobic
bacteria?
3. Obligate aerobic
bacteria?
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE SHAPED THE EARTH
The process of
fermentation
probably began
when the Earth
lacked oxygen.
4
3
2
1
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE SHAPED THE EARTH
Cyanobacteria
appeared 200
million years
before oxygen
appeared on
Earth.
4
3
2
1
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE SHAPED THE EARTH
Cyanobacteria
produced
oxygen … and
lead to one of
the greatest
events on earth
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE SHAPED THE EARTH
Cyanobacteria created
the Great oxidation
event.
It lead to the extinction
of most obligate
anaerobes
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
HOW WE SHAPED THE EARTH
But it also lead to an
explosion of new life on
earth which now used
cellular respiration
Cyanobacteria helped
to make possible all life
as we know it today.
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION
Bacteria can
reproduce in three
ways
1. Binary Fission
2. Conjugation
3. Spore
Production
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION
Bacteria can
reproduce in three
ways
1. Binary Fission
2. Conjugation
3. Spore
Production
Escherichia coli
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION
E. Coli reproduce every
20 minutes…
If you had one E. coli
bacterium…
How long would it
take for the Earth to
be covered in E. coli?
Escherichia coli
2 um (2/1000 of a mm)
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
DIVIDE AND CONQUER
36 hours
Asexual
reproduction
Allows organisms
to grow at
astonishing
rates!!
Escherichia coli
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION
Can
bacteria
have sex?
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
SEXY BACTERIA
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
SEXY BACTERIA
DIVIDE AND CONQUER
1. A long bridge of protein
forms. Some genetic
information is
transferred to the
bacteria
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
DIVIDE AND CONQUER
2. One strand of plasmid DNA (a small
piece of DNA separate from
chromosomal DNA) is transferred from
the donor cell to the recipient cell
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
DIVIDE AND CONQUER
3. The plasmid DNA in both cells is
replicated and the recipient now has a
new combination of genes
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
DIVIDE AND CONQUER
Some bacteria reproduce by binary
fission only, but some can use both
methods.
Why have two methods of reproduction?
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
AND WHEN TIMES GET REALLY BAD
When growth conditions
become very
unfavourable, some
bacteria can form super
tough spores and stay
dormant (inactive) until
conditions improve
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
AND WHEN TIMES GET REALLY BAD
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples
AND WHEN TIMES GET REALLY BAD
Structure | Classification | Energy | Growth/Reproduction | Examples