Transcript 2016 Coaches Clinic Presentation

Microbe Mission B/C
NC Science Olympiad
MICROBES…
• Microbe  short for microorganism (small organism that can only
be observed with a microscope)
• Over 99% of microbes contribute to the quality of human life
• A small minority cause disease in humans by sheer numbers or
producing powerful toxins
• The major groups of microbes are
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bacteria
Archaea
algae
fungi
protozoa
viruses
• In terms of numbers, microbes represent most of the diversity of
life on Earth and are found in every environment.
Which of the following topics will be
covered in this year’s event?
A. Major Groups of Microbes
B. Microbes and Ecology
C. Microbes and Industry
D. Microbes and Food
E. Microbes and Disease
Which of the following topics will be
covered in this year’s event?
A. Major Groups of Microbes
B. Microbes and Ecology
C. Microbes and Industry
D. Microbes and Food
E. Microbes and Disease
What is each team allowed to bring
with them to the event?
A. One 3-ring binder (any size) of notes
B. One 8 ½ x 11” sheet of notes (double
sided)
C. Two non-graphing/non-programmable
calculators
D. A and C
E. B and C
What is each team allowed to bring
with them to the event?
A. One 3-ring binder (any size) of notes
B. One 8 ½ x 11” sheet of notes (double
sided)
C. Two non-graphing/non-programmable
calculators
D. A and C
E. B and C
What is each team required to
bring with them to the event?
A. Writing instrument
B. Safety goggles
C. Both A and B
What is each team required to
bring with them to the event?
A. Writing instrument
B. Safety goggles
C. Both A and B
What EXACTLY do my students need to
know for this event?
Well, since you asked…
What type of microscope provided the
image below?
A. Light Microscope
B. Transmission Electron Microscope
C. Scanning Electron Microscope
D.Auto-phosphorylating Microscope
What type of microscope provided the
image below?
A. Light Microscope
B. Transmission Electron Microscope
C. Scanning Electron Microscope
D.Auto-phosphorylating Microscope
Principles of Microscopy
• KNOW: Types of Microscopes – their uses,
advantages and disadvantages
• KNOW: Parts of a Light Microscope and
their function
• BE ABLE TO: Properly use a microscope to
view a slide
• BE ABLE TO: determine total magnification
and field of view
• BE ABLE TO: Estimate/calculate the size of
a microbe based on scales in pictures or
microscopic information and amount of
the visual field occupied
Which of the following is NOT a major
group of microbes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Prions
Ursa
Algae
Fungi
Which of the following is NOT a major
group of microbes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Prions
Ursa
Algae
Fungi
MAJOR GROUPS OF MICROBES
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Prions
Viruses
Archaea
Bacteria
Algae
Protozoa
Fungi
Parasitic Worms
Acellular microbes have the ability to
metabolize organic materials.
A. True
B. False
Acellular microbes have the ability to
metabolize organic materials.
A. True
B. False
Cellular vs. Acellular
• Acellular –
– Viruses do not have cellular components, nor do they
grow or metabolize organic materials. They generally
consist of a piece of nucleic acid encased in protein which
must use the cellular components of a living cell to
reproduce.
– Prions (proteinaceous infectious particles) are infectious
agents composed primarily of protein which induce the
existing polypeptides in host cells to take on its form.
• Cellular – bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic cells
while algae, fungi, and protozoa have eukaryotic
cells.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
• Prokaryotic – single cell
with nuclear material but
no nuclear membrane or
membrane bound
organelles
• Eukaryotic – most cells –
with organized nucleus
and membrane bound
organelles
Which of the following organelles
are believed to have originated as
prokaryotic cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mitochondrion
Chloroplasts
Golgi Apparatus
Both A and B
Both B and C
Which of the following organelles
are believed to have originated as
prokaryotic cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Mitochondrion
Chloroplasts
Golgi Apparatus
Both A and B
Both B and C
Organelles of Microbial Origin
– Mitochondria – have DNA similar to that
of a Prokaryotic cell and can reproduce
independent of the rest of the Eukaryotic
cell.
– Chloroplasts – also have DNA similar to
that of a Prokaryotic cell and can
reproduce independent of the rest of the
Eukaryotic cell.
– It is believed that both chloroplasts and
mitochondria were once independent
Prokaryotes who took up residence in the
Eukaryotic cell and have developed a
special symbiotic relationship
What is the size range for eukaryotic
cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
10-10m to 10-9m
10-8m to 10-7m
10-6m to 10-5m
10-4m to 10-3m
What is the size range for eukaryotic
cells?
A.
B.
C.
D.
10-10m to 10-9m
10-8m to 10-7m
10-6m to 10-5m
10-4m to 10-3m
RELATIVE SIZE OF MICROBES
Which phase of the microbial growth curve
is characterized by having the same
number of cells dying as dividing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lag Phase
Log or Exponential Phase
Stationary Phase
Death
Logarithmic Decline Phase
Which phase of the microbial growth curve
is characterized by having the same
number of cells dying as dividing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lag Phase
Log or Exponential Phase
Stationary Phase
Death
Logarithmic Decline Phase
MICROBIAL GROWTH CURVE
Which of the following is NOT a
bacterial shape?
Division C ONLY!!!
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirochete
Spirilla
Vibrum
Which of the following is NOT a
Division C ONLY!!!
bacterial shape?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirochete
Spirilla
Vibrum
Division C ONLY!!!
Division C ONLY!!!
When applying Gram Stain,
Gram (+) bacteria will stain red.
A. True
B. False
Division C ONLY!!!
When applying Gram Stain,
Gram (+) bacteria will stain red.
A. True
B. False
Division C ONLY!!!
GRAM + VS. GRAM – BACTERIA
Gram positive bacteria
• stain purple under Gram stain
• have a thick bilayer wall of the polymer
peptidoglycan.
Gram negative bacteria
• stain red
• have a thin layer of this polymer and an
additional lipopolysaccharide outer layer, LPS,
• often endotoxic - capable of initiating
inflammation and cell-mediated immune
responses
• e.g., Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia.
Which of the following statements are true
for animal-like protists (protozoa)?
A. Protozoans hunt other microbes for food.
B. Protozoan digestion occurs in digestive
organelles.
C. Certain protozoa can cause dysentery and
malaria.
D. All of the above statements are true
regarding protozoans.
Which of the following statements are true
for animal-like protists (protozoa)?
A. Protozoans hunt other microbes for food.
B. Protozoan digestion occurs in digestive
organelles.
C. Certain protozoa can cause dysentery and
malaria.
D. All of the above statements are true
regarding protozoans.
One teaspoon of topsoil contains
approximately ______ fungi.
A.
B.
C.
D.
1,200
12,000
120, 000
1, 200,00
One teaspoon of topsoil contains
approximately ______ fungi.
A.
B.
C.
D.
1,200
12,000
120, 000
1, 200,00
Fungi
• Cellular level, more like animals than plants – Eukaryotic
• Can’t synthesize their own food
• Single celled as yeast or multicellular clusters as molds &
mushrooms
• Multicellular ones form filament like strands – hyphae
• Grow best in slightly acidic environment – can grow in low
moisture
• Live in soil, on plants & animals, in fresh & salt water
• One teaspoon of topsoil has about 120,000 fungi
• Baker’s yeast for bread and brewing, some are used for
antibiotics, others serve as decomposers
• Some cause disease in humans, animals and plants – ruin ¼ to ½
of fruits & vegetables per year
Based on the color of the colony, how many
different kinds of organisms do you detect?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Based on the color of the colony, how many
different kinds of organisms do you detect?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Which of the following is an
incorrect pairing of microbe with
the disease it can cause?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Virus/Tetanus
Prion/Kuru
Fungus/Dutch Elm Disease
Protozoan/Malaria
Which of the following is an
incorrect pairing of microbe with
the disease it can cause?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Virus/Tetanus
Prion/Kuru
Fungus/Dutch Elm Disease
Protozoan/Malaria
VIRAL DISEASES
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AIDS
Chicken Pox & Shingles
Common Cold
Dengue Fever
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Hepatitis
Influenza
Measles
Mumps
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Mononucleosis
Polio
Rabies
Rubella
Small pox
West Nile Fever
Yellow Fever
BACTERIAL DISEASES
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Anthrax
Botulism
Chlamydiasis
Cholera
Dental Caries (tooth decay)
Legionnaire's Disease
Lyme Disease
MRSA
• Peptic Ulcer Disease
• Pertussis (whooping cough)
• Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever
• Strep throat
• Syphilis
• Tetanus
• Tuberculosis
FUNGAL DISEASES
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Athlete’s foot
Dutch Elm Disease
Ergotism
Histoplasmosis
Potato Blight
Ringworm
Thrush
PROTOZOAN/ALGAL DISEASES
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Malaria
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
Estuary Associated Syndrome
Giradiasis
Cryptosporidiosis
PRION DISEASE
• Scrapie
• Kuru
PARASITIC WORMS
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Hookworm
Pinworm
Schistosomiasis
Tapeworm
Trichinosis
Additional Resources:
• Microbe Mission National Page
– 2017 List of Diseases
– 2017 PowerPoint
– Event Supervisor Guide
• Centers for Disease Control
• BrainPop!
• Questions:
– Erin Bingham
– Courtney Behrle
[email protected]
[email protected]