Transcript Microbial and Veterinary Drug Residue Monitoring Programme

Microbial and Veterinary Drug
Residue Monitoring Programme –
Central Veterinary Research Institute
Dr. P. Fandamu
Chief Veterinary Research Officer
Presentation outline
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Background
Objective of the programme
Materials and Method
Preliminary results
Conclusion
Background
• An important aspect food safety (animal derived food) is
the control of residues
• Residues can be:
– Intentionally added e.g. food additives, or illegally added
for adulterant purposes
– From defined uses e.g. veterinary drug and pesticides
– Contaminants (formed during production, processing,
storage, etc)
• Public health concerns include toxicological adverse
effects, allergic reactions, and development of drugresistance to certain of bacteria strains
Background
• With the absence of Microbial and Veterinary
Drug Residue Monitoring Programmes in the
country, the Central Veterinary Research Institute
(CVRI) commenced such a programme
• The Minimum Residue Limits (MRL) is the current
standard for residues in food adopted by the
Codex Committees of the Food and Agriculture
Organization and World Health Organization.
• Detection of residues at slaughter is a critical
point in residue control.
Objectives of the programme
• The drug residue/microbial monitoring program
was started with an objective of determining the
cases of meat/milk/meat product samples which
had levels above the Minimum Residue Limits of
antibiotics as well as the levels of bacterial
contamination.
This is to ensure wholesome meat, which is good for
the general health of the public (consumer
confidence) as well as to penetrate more lucrative
markets
Materials and Methods
• Target is the meat processors (beef, pork, and poultry) in the country
starting with the Lusaka based and gradually spreading to other parts
of the country.
• From January 2016, 26 livestock processing establishments have been
enlisted in the programme and tested once per quarter.
• A total 116 samples comprising 16 meat/poultry or pork samples and
100 surface swabs are collected from each establishment. Since the
start of the programme 3,828 samples were collected and analysed.
• Currently, samples are analysed for the following Vet drugs:
Chlortetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline and
Sulphamethazine.
• Thin layer chromatography is used for screening and confirmation by
HPLC/DAD.
• For microbial contamination of the environment and surfaces of
equipment, the following bacteria are checked for: Salmonella,
Staphylococcus, pathogenic E. Coli and Listeria monocytogenes.
• Test Reports and Certificates are issued to the respective companies
after satisfactory results. Non compliant results will lead to corrective
measures being put in place.
Preliminary results
(a) Vet Drug Residues
Oxytetracycline
Sulphamethazine
n = 269
n = 224
Positive
Negative
Positive
Negative
Number of samples
112
157
39
185
% of samples
41.6
58.4
17.4
82.6
Conc. range (ng/g)
27.26 - 545.20
11.92 - 259.98
Mean conc. (ng/g) ± SD
199. 6  122.6
86.5  75.9
16.4
2.2
26.3
5.8
45.5
12.8
76.6
33.3
% of Total samples above Codex
MRL (200 ng/g)
% of Total samples above EU MRL
(100 ng/g)
% positive samples above Codex
MRL (200 ng/g)
% positive samples above EU MRL
(100 ng/g)
Preliminary results
(b) Microbial contamination
• No Staphylococcus, pathogenic E. Coli or
Listeria monocytogenes has been found in the
samples examined so far.
• However, non pathogenic E. Coli has been
found in some establishments.
Conclusion
• No Tetracycline and Chlortetracycline has been
detected from the samples analysed so far.
• The Microbial and Veterinary Drugs Residue Monitoring
Program by CVRI has been applauded by many livestock
processors, citing one processor who has indicated that
the exercise had enabled him to penetrate the airline
business (supplying of meat for the crew)
• Therefore, sustainability of the program by both CVRI
and the processors remains the primary objective going
forward.
• We intend to increase the number of contaminants to
include pesticides, hormones, heavy metals etc. The
spectrum of antibiotics will also be increased.
Thank you for your attention