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Clicker Questions Chapter 9 The Sun Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 1 The visible light we see from our Sun comes from which part? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) core b) corona c) photosphere d) chromosphere e) convection zone Question 1 The visible light we see from our Sun comes from which part? a) core b) corona c) photosphere d) chromosphere e) convection zone The photosphere is a relatively narrow layer below the chromosphere and corona, with an average temperature of about 6000 K. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 2 The density of the Sun is most similar to that of Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) a comet. b) Jupiter. c) Earth. d) interstellar gas. e) an asteroid. Question 2 The density of the Sun is most similar to that of a) a comet. b) Jupiter. c) Earth. d) interstellar gas. e) an asteroid. The Sun is a ball of charged gas, without a solid surface. Jupiter has a similar composition, but not enough mass to be a star. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 3 The Sun is stable as a star because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) gravity balances forces from pressure. b) the rate of fusion equals the rate of fission. c) radiation and convection balance. d) mass is converted into energy. e) fusion doesn’t depend on temperature. Question 3 The Sun is stable as a star because a) gravity balances forces from pressure. b) the rate of fusion equals the rate of fission. c) radiation and convection balance. d) mass is converted into energy. e) fusion doesn’t depend on temperature. The principle of hydrostatic equilibrium explains how stars maintain their stability. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 4 The proton–proton cycle involves what kind of fusion process? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) carbon (C) into oxygen (O) b) helium (He) into carbon (C) c) hydrogen (H) into helium (He) d) neon (Ne) into silicon (Si) e) oxygen (O) into iron (Fe) Question 4 The proton–proton cycle involves what kind of fusion process? a) carbon (C) into oxygen (O) b) helium (He) into carbon (C) c) hydrogen (H) into helium (He) d) neon (Ne) into silicon (Si) e) oxygen (O) into iron (Fe) In the P-P cycle, four hydrogen nuclei (protons) fuse into one helium nucleus, releasing gamma rays and neutrinos. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 5 A neutrino can escape from the solar core within minutes. How long does it take a photon to escape? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) minutes b) hours c) months d) hundreds of years e) about a million years Question 5 A neutrino can escape from the solar core within minutes. How long does it take a photon to escape? a) minutes b) hours c) months d) hundreds of years e) about a million years Gamma ray photons are absorbed and re-emitted continuously in the layers above the core. They gradually shift in spectrum to visible and infrared light at the photosphere. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 6 What is probably responsible for the increase in temperature of the corona far from the Sun’s surface? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) a higher rate of fusion b) the Sun’s magnetism c) higher radiation pressures d) absorption of X rays e) convection currents Question 6 What is probably responsible for the increase in temperature of the corona far from the Sun’s surface? a) the higher rate of fusion b) the Sun’s magnetism c) higher radiation pressures d) absorption of X rays e) convection currents Apparently the Sun’s magnetic field acts like a pump to increase the speeds of particles in the upper corona. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 7 The number of sunspots and solar activity in general peaks Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) every 27 days, the apparent rotation period of the Sun’s surface. b) once a year. c) every 5½ years. d) every 11 years. e) approximately every 100 years. Question 7 The number of sunspots and solar activity in general peaks a) every 27 days, the apparent rotation period of the Sun’s surface. b) once a year. c) every 5 ½ years. d) every 11 years. e) approximately every 100 years. The sunspot cycle shows a consistent 11-year pattern of activity dating back more than 300 years. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 8 The solar neutrino problem refers to the fact that astronomers Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) cannot explain how the Sun is stable. b) detect only one-third the number of neutrinos expected by theory. c) cannot detect neutrinos easily. d) are unable to explain how neutrinos oscillate between other types. e) cannot create controlled fusion reactions on Earth. Question 8 The solar neutrino problem refers to the fact that astronomers a) cannot explain how the Sun is stable. b) detect only one-third the number of neutrinos expected by theory. c) cannot detect neutrinos easily. d) are unable to explain how neutrinos oscillate between other types. e) cannot create controlled fusion reactions on Earth. Further experiments have shown that solar neutrinos can change into other types that were not initially detected. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.