Transcript عرض تقديمي من PowerPoint

Conjunctivitis
• Inflammation
• Erythema
• Several causes:
 Bacterial
 Viral
 Allergic
 Chemical
Conjunctivitis - Discharge
Discharge
Purulent
Cause
Bacteria
Clear
Viral
White, stringy mucous
Allergies
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Purulent discharge
Conjunctival hyperemia
Viral Conjunctivitis
• Adenovirus
• Systemic viral infections
• Painful
• Herpetic
• Discordant lack of pain
• Diffuse redness, watery discharge
Aim of the test
• An etiological diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis
by aerobic cultivation with identification and
susceptibility test of the isolated bacteria .
• Types of specimen
• Discharge from the eye's.
Pathogen and commensals
Specimen collection
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Pull down the lower eyelid so that the lower conjunctival
fornix is exposed.
Swab the fornix without touching the rim of the eyelid with
the sterile cotton swab.
Place the swab immediately in a bacterial transport medium
or, the specimen is brought to the laboratory immediately,
in a sterile test tube with 0.5 mL of buffered saline (pH 7).
Take Sufficient amount on the swab
Time relapse before processing the sample
Eye specimen should be processed immediately because tears
contains lysosomes which may kill the organism.
• Aim of the test
• Aetiological diagnosis of otitis external or otitis
media by aerobic and anaerobic culture with
identification and susceptibility test of the
isolated organism (s).
•
Types of specimen
• Pus from the external or middle ear.
Pathogen and commensals
Specimen collection
• Collect a specimen of the discharge on a thin,
sterile cotton wool or Dacron swab.
• Place the swab in a container with the transport
medium, breaking off the swab stick to allow the
stopper to be replaced tightly.
• Label the specimen and send it to the laboratory.
• Time relapse before processing the sample not
more than 2 hours
Terminology
Vaginitis : significant inflammatory response in vaginal wall.
Accompanied by high number of leukocytes in vaginal fluid.
Found with candida and trichomonas infections.
Vaginosis : minimal inflammatory response with few leukocytes in
vaginal wall. Associated with increase in bacterial
concentrations.
Leukorrhoea : a non-infective, non-bloodstained physiological
vaginal discharge.
Clinical approach
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Physical Exam :
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Appearance of discharge.
Erythema and edema of vaginal mucosa.
pH levels.
Diagnostic Tools:
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Wet mount: microscopic examination of discharge
KOH test: dissolves cellular debris leaving
pseudohyphae of candida.
Whiff test: Fishy odor of BV
Culture.
Common Causes
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Normal discharge (30%)
Bacterial Vaginosis (23-50%)
Candida Vulvovaginitis (20-25%)
Trichomonas vaginitis (5-15%)
Mixed infection or Sexually Transmitted Disease
(20%)
Aim of the test
• Isolate and identify potentially aerobic pathogenic
organisms including
• Gardnerella vaginalis and group B Streptococcus;
establish the diagnosis of gonorrhea, medical/legal
cases.
Types of specimen
• Swab of vagina, cervix, discharge, aspirated
endocervical, endometrial, prostatic fluid, or
urethral discharge.
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Use swab to inoculate Jembec for transport to the
laboratory and recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae;
swab
• should also be sent in transport device.
Pathogen and commensals
Specimen processing