Transcript APES-Cycles-of

APES 10/21 and 10/22
No Warm-up today!
Get a laptop for note-taking
Learning Targets
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I can explain the key components of the 5
major cycles of matter (CHNOPS)
Cycles of Matter
What Molecules do Organisms Need?
How do Organisms Get Those
Molecules?
Cycling of MATTER in Ecosystems
Organisms need energy AND matter to
survive
Ex: molecules to build bones, muscle, fat
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While energy flows in one direction,
matter recycles in ecosystems
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The most important molecules that
recycle are water, carbon, nitrogen,
phosphorus, sulfur and oxygen
(CHNOPS)
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The Water Cycle
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Water is necessary for organisms to maintain
an internal balance and to transport
molecules like sugars and enzymes
Water is a renewable resource that we
access through a water shed
Water shed = area of land that catches rain
and snow and drains or seeps into a marsh,
stream, river, lake or groundwater
The Water Cycle
Condensation
Transpiration
Precipitation
Evaporation
Runoff
The Carbon Cycle
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Required for all living organisms on earth
Needed to make DNA, proteins, fats,
sugars
In nature, found as CO2 (gas) and many
solids (in alive and dead organisms)
Photosynthesis and respiration are key
processes to keeping the cycle going
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Photosynthesis (by plants)
CO2 + H2O
Carbon
dioxide
sunlight
C6H12O6 + O2
Water
Sugar
Oxygen
Respiration (by most organisms)
C6H12O6 +
Sugar
O2
Oxygen
CO2 + H2O
Carbon
dioxide
Water
Photosynthesis and Respiration
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Note how the OUTPUT of photosynthesis is
the same as the INPUT of respiration
Note how the OUTPUT of respiration is the
same as the INPUT of photosynthesis
Matter CYCLES back and forth between
photosynthesis and respiration.
This is where oxygen is recycled, too!
The Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrogen is a key component of proteins and
DNA
Nitrogen is present as gas in the atmosphere
turned into a solid plants to use it
Nitrogen fixation- bacteria (land) or
cyanobacteria (aquatic) turn N2 (gas) into NH3 and
NH4+ (solids)
Denitrification- bacteria in sediments of aquatic
areas convert solids back into gas
Nitrogen Cycle
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Ammonification also adds to NH3 in the soil.
Process of decomposers converting detritus
and eventually ammonia.
Nitrification- another type of bacteria convert
the NH3 and NH4+ solids into nitrate ions
(NO3-) for plants to assimilate (absorb)
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle- Human Impacts
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Make sure to include impact of excess
nitrates/eutrophication, burning of fossil fuels,
use of fertilizers that increases denitrification
(research!)
The Phosphorus Cycle
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Phosphorus is an important building block of
DNA and ATP; all living things must have
phosphorus
P is found in rocks, and enters food webs
when plants take up phosphorus found in soil
Only one that doesn’t cycle through the
atmosphere! (no gaseous form)
P is a limiting factor for primary productivity
because it isn’t easy for plants to acquire.
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Major human impact: phosphate run-off
(research)
The Sulfur Cycle
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Most sulfur is found in oceanic sediments,
rock and mineral layers on earth
Enters atmosphere through burning of fossil
fuels, volcanic activity, forest fires, release of
hydrogen sulfide by respiring bacteria
S is an impurity in coal and petroleum
(human impact = burning of coal leading to
smog and acid rain)
More than you need to know!
Project Work Time!
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You have an hour to work on your flipbook
Use the rubric! Please!
Next time: quiz on all cycles of matter