Transcript Drugs IGCSE Syllabus

Drugs
Drugs
• Any substance taken in to modify or affect
chemical reactions in the body.
• Medical drugs: painkillers, antibiotics,
hormones,
• Psychological drugs: nicotine, alcohol,
GHB,
Antibiotics
Antibiotics
• Antibiotics are designed to kill bacteria
(living organisms). They break down cell
walls and membranes. Interfere with their
metabolism and damage DNA.
Antibiotics
• Can not destroy viruses, since they do not
have a metabolism.
Heroin
• Produced from morphine, taken from
opiates found in Poppies.
• Painkiller, recreational drug.
• Physical and severe psychological
dependence.
• Diamorphine, legally prescribed drug for
patients trying to fight their addiction.
Heroin
• Can be injected (intra venous): slamming,
shooting up, speed balling
• Smoking, inhaling: chasing the dragon
Heroin
• Effects:
• drowsiness, disorientation, low blood
pressure, slow breathing rate, nausea,
vomiting, constipation, muscle spasms,
urine retention, itching, rash, pain killer
Heroin
• Risks:
• Infections (non-sterile needles): bacterial,
fungal and viral pathogens
• Poisoning by contaminations
• Addiction
• Physical dependence
• Constipation
Heroin
Heroin
• Crime related:
•
•
•
•
•
Stealing
Possession
Trafficking
Dealing
Manufacturing
Addiction
• Drug addiction is a pathological or
abnormal condition which arises due to
frequent drug use. The disorder of
addiction involves the progression of acute
drug use to the development of drugseeking behavior, the vulnerability to
relapse, and the decreased, slowed ability
to respond to naturally rewarding stimuli.
Alcohol
• The favourite (and often acceptable) mood
altering drug of many human societies.
Alcohol
Alcohol
• One unit of alcohol:
• One glass of wine
• Single whisky
• Two glasses of beer
Alcohol
• Safe upper limits per week
• Man – 21 units per week and 2-3 days
without
• Woman – 14 units
• Pregnant woman – zero intake
Alcohol
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Risks:
Brain damage (long term), addiction
Cancer of the gullet and pancreas
Deficiency of nutrients
Obesity
Damage to immune system
Impaired sexual and reproductive function
Alcohol
•
•
•
•
High blood pressure
Weaker, irregular heart beat
Inflammation of the stomach
Liver damage (enlarged, jaundice, fatty,
cirrhosis)
Alcohol