Transcript Viruses & Bacteria

Microorganisms
Viruses & Bacteria



Title
Date
U7-2
Microorganisms
Viruses
Bacteria
The Current System





What is the largest category?
What is alive?
They must have the 8
characteristics of life.
Biotic vs. Abiotic
Is a virus alive?
Life ?




What is a virus?
Hereditary
material with a
protein coat.
Does it have the 8
characteristics of
life?
Lets review.
The 8 Characteristics of Life

Does a virus have all 8?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Made of Cells
Has DNA
Needs Energy and Materials
Reproduces
Grows and Develops
Reacts to the Environment
Maintains Homeostasis
Has Adaptations
Virus Life



Lytic Infection – Viral DNA takes over host
cell and makes it reproduce the virus. The cell
pops releasing millions more viruses.
Lysogenic Infection – Virus DNA hides in
the genome of the infected organism. The
DNA can re-enter the lytic cycle.
Pathogen – anything that causes disease.
Draw This!
Explain It!
Viral
Infections
Viral - Common Cold
Viral - Influenza




A virus that causes cold and flu
like symptoms.
This virus evolves into a different
strain each year.
Thus a new vaccination is required
each year. (A flu shot)
This virus can be airbourne or on
the surfaces of things.
Viral - Smallpox





Causes small bumps all over the body.
The person dies of complications.
Massive vaccination efforts have completely
wiped this virus out.
It no longer is a
threat to humans…
Unless the stored
viruses get loose.
Viral - Polio




Causes a fever and headache.
Can leave the digestive track and go after
nerve cells.
Iron Lung
Can cause
paralysis and death.
Mostly wiped
out from vaccines.
Viral - Chicken Pox



Red itchy rash
Usually you only get it
once in a life time.
It can goes lysogenic
and then reappears as
shingles in immunosuppressed adults.
Viral - West Nile



Transmitted by a
mosquito vector.
It’s spreading fast.
Causes fever and
sometimes death.
Viral - Hepatitis



Causes jaundice,
fatigue, and stomach
pain
Comes from food and
drink with
contaminated feces.
Can destroy your liver.
Viral - Herpes



Sexually transmitted
disease.
Causes sores on the
genitals or mouth.
Can hide in the
lysogenic cycle for
years undetected.
Viral - Warts


Raised itchy bumps.
Some are sexually
transmitted and on the
genitals.
Viral - HIV / AIDS





The HIV virus is a blood born pathogen.
You must exchange, breast milk, blood,
semen, or vaginal fluids to catch it.
HIV infects the T-Cells of the immune
system.
This lessens the immune response to other
invaders.
AIDS is when the immune system is so
weakened that a person dies from the cold or
something common.
Domain?
 All life has cells.
 Not all cells are the same.
What kinds of cells do we know of?


Prokaryotes – no “membrane bound”
organelles, very small, bacteria, circular DNA,
most abundant on Earth.
Eukaryotes – has “membrane bound”
organelles (e.g. nucleus, mitochondria,
chloroplast), large, unicellular or multicellular,
linear DNA
5 Kingdom System

Eukaryote Cells





Animalia - heterotrophs,
multicellular, internal digestion
Plantae - autotrophs,
multicellular, cell walls
Fungi - heterotrophs,
multicellular, cell walls,
external digestion
Protista - autotrophs,
heterotrophs (unicellular or
multicellular), some have cell
walls
Prokaryote Cells

Monera autotrophs,
heterotrophs,
unicellular, cell
walls
Classifying Millions of Bacteria

Metabolism

Respiration Type








Photosynthesis
Chemosynthesis
Movement
Living Environment
Cell Walls
DNA analysis
Growth and Reproduction

Anaerobic
Aerobic
Heterotrophs
Autotrophs






Binary Fission
Conjugation
Spore formation
Shapes
Bacterial Infections
Archaeabacteria are
extremophiles.
Bacterial - Tetanus



Clostridium
tetani
Bacteria in rusty
metal.
Causes muscle
spasms, paralysis,
death.
Bacterial - Lyme Disease



Borrelia burgdorferi
Fever, headaches, and
muscle aches.
Deer Tick vector.
Bacterial - Tuberculosis




Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Night sweats,
chronic cough
Very
contagious
Forms cyst like
material in the
lungs.
Bacterial - Diphtheria



Corynebacterium
diphtheria
Sore throat, fever,
swollen neck
Death if untreated
Bacterial - Meningitis




Neisseria meningitidis
Bacteria that gets into the spine
and brain.
Spreads easily in young children.
Can cause deafness and
blindness.
Bacterial - Flesh Eating Bacteria



Necrotizing
fasciitis
Bacteria that
will eat
away at your
flesh.
Very hard to
treat.
Bacterial - Cholera





Vibrio cholerae
Comes from ingesting
contaminated water.
You get a fatal
diarrhea.
It turns on membrane
water pumps in
intestine cells.
Better sanitation has
limited its spread in
modern society.
Bacterial - Tooth Decay




Streptococcus mutans
Bacteria eat sugars in
the mouth.
Brush your teeth
regularly.
Don’t eat too
much sugar,
syrups,
sucking candy.
Bacterial - Strep Throat


Streptococcus
pyogenes
Sore throat, swollen
glands.
Viral or Bacterial - Pneumonia



When a viral, or
bacterial infection
reaches the lower
part of your lungs.
Serious cold.
Can cause death in
young and old
people.
Bacterial - Treatment


Bacterial infections can be treated by
antibiotics.
What happens
if a person
only takes a
little bit of
antibiotics?