Transcript ecosystem
Ecosystems • An ecosystem includes all of the organisms as well as the climate, soil, water, rocks and other nonliving things in a given area. Ecosystem Ecosystem Community Community Population Population Organism Organism • A community is a group of different species that live together in one area. Community Community Population Population Organism Organism An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. • Biotic factors are living things. – plants – animals – fungi – bacteria plants • Abiotic factors are nonliving things. – – – – – moisture temperature wind sunlight soil sunlight moisture Use the following terms for the examples on the next several pages habitat community ecosystem abiotic factors biotic factors biodiversity succession An anthill • habitat A forest • ecosystem 548 different species living in the forest • biodiversity The damp soil of a forest within which a mushroom grows. • habitat The pH of a lake • Abiotic factor First grasses, then shrubs, then small trees, finally large trees grow in an area • Succession Frogs, fish, turtles, lilypads, and dragonflies in a pond • Community or biotic factors A prairie, with its living and nonliving components • An Ecosystem All the organisms in a compost pile Community or biotic factors Give examples of: • community • black bears, Eastern rattlesnakes, bluebirds, trees, shrubs • abiotic factors • temperature, rainfall, humidity, smog level • habitat • bee hive, rabbit burrow, squirrel nest • producers • trees, grasses, algae in streams • consumers • deer, rabbits, squirrels, foxes, birds • decomposers • bacteria, worms Making a food web http://www.classzone.com/cz/boo ks/bio_07/resources/htmls/animat ed_biology/unit5/bio_ch13_0421 _ab_foodweb.html Trophic Levels (feeding levels) 3 2 1 Food webs Trophic Level Grass Mouse Grasshopper Frog Owl Hawk Producer, herbivore, omnivore, or carnivore? Trophic Level Producer, herbivore, omnivore, or carnivore? Grass 1st Producer Mouse 2nd Herbivore Grasshopper 2nd Herbivore Frog 3rd Carnivore Owl 3rd and 4th Carnivore Hawk 3rd Carnivore Only ___ % of the energy from one trophic level passes to the next. What happens to the remaining 90%? It is used by the organisms or converted to heat Water cycle p. 90 A = precipitation B = precipitation C = transpiration (water released from plants) D = percolation or seepage E = runoff F = evaporation A = carbon dioxide in air B= photosynthesis C = plants, algae D = respiration E = herbivore consuming grass F = carnivore consuming animal G = respiration H = death I = bacteria J = decay releases CO2 K = fossil fuels produced L = refinery M = combustion/burning of fossil fuels N = burning releases CO2 O = fires release CO2 Nitrogen cycle A = atmospheric nitrogen B = nitrogen converted to ammonia C = legume (peas, peanuts, beans, alfalfa) D = bacteria E = waste converted to ammonia F = nitrates formed from ammonia G and H = bacteria I = plants use nitrates J = animals eat plants K = bacteria convert nitrates to nitrogen