Transcript Comparison of Microbial and Chemical Process

Comparison of Microbial and Chemical
Process
Todd French, PhD
Mississippi State University
Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering
[email protected]
662-325-4308
What are Microorganisms?
• Living organisms too small to see without the aide of
magnification
• Members
– Commercially Important Chemical Producers
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•
•
•
http://www.microbeworld.org/images/microbes/methanopyrus.jpg
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Yeast
– Non Commercially
http://www.kitchenproject.com
• Viruses
• Protozoans
• Ameobes
http://biyolojiegitim.yyu.edu.tr/k/Legi/images/Legionella%20bacteria_jpg.jpg4
Natural Facts
• Microorganisms require their nutrients to be in solution.
– That solvent is water
• Life as we understand it has to have the following in order of
abundance
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Water
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Trace Elements
Madigan, M.T. Martinko, and J. Parker. 2003. Biology of Microorganisms. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ
• Microorganisms follow all of the natural laws as does everything
– For example
• They cannot create energy
• They cannot cause a reaction to occur that would not naturally occur
• They derive the energy from reduced metals, organics, hydrogen, or sunlight.
Creating A Carbon-Based Life Form
• List the criteria that we must address to
have a living breathing organism?
– Should we protect this creation from the
elements?
– Where will this organisms obtain energy?
– How do we control the mass and energy
changes?
– How do we regulate water movement and is
it necessary?
How did Nature do it?
http://www.smartdraw.com/examples/content/Examples/Healthcare/Microbiology_&_Biochemistry/Bacteria_L.jpg
Protection from the Environment
Building Blocks of Microbial Life
http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/images/book_4/chapter_2/2-39.gif
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/580bases.gif
http://www.ewa.cz/pages1/813_soubory/aminoacids.gif
Organic Energy Sources
http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/MBG/MBG4/Enzymes.02.GIF
http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gif
http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_02_img0148.jpg
Enzymatic Reactions
http://www.geneticengineering.org/chemis/Chemis-NucleicAcid/Graphics/Transcription.gif
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/dna/a/translation/pics/translation2.gif
http://tigger.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM05/hexokinase.jpg
Catalyst Kinetics
• Enzyme Kinetics
• Heterogeneous catalyst
kinetics
http://www.hottopos.com/regeq11/images/reg016.gif
http://www.irvingcrowley.com/cls/competitive-grap.gif
http://scsg20.unige.ch/~tomek/ResearchExamples/image002.jpg
Differences B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes
• Abiotic catalyst are orders of magnitude faster
– Operate at much higher temperatures and pressures
– Biotic catalyst can have very high specificity
• Biotic systems have an absolute requirement
for water
• Biological systems are commonly self
regulating
• Scale of the process
– Obviously biotic systems are much larger
Similarities B/W Biotic & Abiotic Processes
• Adhere to natural laws
– Will not cause rxn to occur that would not occur
otherwise
– Cannot create energy or mass
• Requires chemical rxn
• Effected by temperature and pH
– Biological systems mildly effected by pressure
Not that Dissimilar in Function
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/6/60/RefineryFlow.png
http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/cellresp/glycolysis.gif