Transcript Enzymes - CynthiaJankowski

Enzymes
Overview
• Chemical RxN – process where chemical bonds
between atoms are broken or formed to
produce one or more different substances.
NaCl
Reactants
Na+ + ClProducts
• Starting a chemical rxn requires activation
energy.
• Activation energy – energy needed to start a
chemical rxn. ( a chemical push)
What are Enzymes?
• Enzymes are substances called catalysts that
speed up chemical rxns by decreasing the
activation energy of the rxns.
• Enzymes are mostly proteins.
• Help maintain homeostasis as rxn in living
things would not occur quickly enough to
sustain life.
• Enzymes usually end in ASE, like Kinase
• Products will tell you what substrate enzyme
worked on.
Decrease amount of energy needed to start RxN.
How do Enzymes work?
• Enzymes work like a lock and key. That is, only
an enzyme of a specific shape can fit the
reactants of the reaction that it is catalyzing.
• The reactant an enzyme works on is called a
substrate.
• The substrate binds to the active site to make
the enzyme active.
• Factors such as temperature, and pH affect
enzyme activity.
A enzyme & substrate fit
like a lock & key (shape
specific)
and like a hand in a glove –
“induced fit”
Active site is where the
reactants bind to the enzyme
Lysosomes
-organelles containing enzymes that digest
worn out organelles, bacteria, or viruses
-when a cell dies its lysosomes burst and
break down the cell into macromolecules that
are reused by other cells
-are part of the Endomembrane system.
-The Endoplasmic Reticulum (synthesis and
transport) connects with the Golgi Appartus
(molecule packaging) which makes the
lysosomes