Env Chp 5 How Ecosys Wrk
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Transcript Env Chp 5 How Ecosys Wrk
Agenda Week of December 6
December
Chapter 5
December
lab
December
December
food webs
December
6 – Housekeeping, Begin
7 – Take home test due,
8 – Holy Day – no school
9- Chapter 5 – creating
10 – Chapter 5
December 6 - Objectives
Collect work from last week
Discussion of projects
Learn about energy transfer
Learn about producers, consumers
and decomposers
What is this the recipe for and what is
the missing ingredient?
½ bathtub full of oxygen
50 glasses of water
½ cup sugar
½ cup of calcium
1/10 thimbleful of salt
Pinch of phosphorus, potassium,
nitrogen, sulfur, magnesium, iron
Missing ingredient
Discussion Questions
How is energy transferred from one
organism to another
Why should forest rangers let some
fires burn?
Write down 3 plants or animals and
the animals that eat them
Write down any plants that eat
animals
Key Terms for Section 1
Photosynthesis
Producer
Consumer
Decomposer
Cellular respiration
Food chain
Food web
Trophic level
Chapter 5
How Ecosystems Work
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Life depends on
the sun
The sun provides
the energy for
all living things
Photosynthesis
↓ Energy
6 CO2 + 6 H2O →C6H12O6 + 6O2
December 7 Objectives
Define producers, consumers and
decomposers
Define food webs and food chains
Compare cellular respiration to
photosynthesis
Producers
Producers are plants. They are able to
make their own food through the process
of photosynthesis
EXCEPTION: Bottom of ocean, no light
Certain bacteria
(thermaphiles)
use hydrogen
sulfide to make
their own food
Hydrogen sulfide
escapes from
hot cracks on
ocean floor
Creating food web activity
Everyone takes 1 or 2 cards
In large letters write the names of
two plants or animals
December 9 - Objectives
Learn about cellular respiration and
how it compares to photosynthesis
Energy transfer and what it means to
each level of the food pyramid
Cellular Respiration
Process of breaking food down which
occurs inside cells (reverse of
photosynthesis)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O +CO2 +energy
Energy Transfer
Organisms
eating other
organisms
Food chains
Food Webs
Trophic levels
Food Chain
Sequence in which energy is
transferred from one organism to
another
Food Chain
grassgrasshopper frog snake hawk
Food Web – show many feeding
relationships
Identify the:
• 1. Producers
• 2. Primary
Consumers
• 3. Secondary
Consumers
• 4. Herbivores
• 5. Carnivores
• 6. Omnivores
• 7. What elements
are missing from
this food web?
Another Food Web
Trophic Level
Each step in the
process of
energy transfer
Some energy is
lost from one
level to another
10% is available
from one level to
Human Diets Activity
Group A – Determine the price per
ounce of rice, dried beans, rolled oats
Red Mill - $2.63 per lb; 9 cal per ½ oz
Red Kidney Beans - $.99 per lb; 110
cal per 4.6 oz
Rice - $6.99 per 20lb bag; 205 cal per
5.6oz
Human Diets
Determine the cost per ounce of
beef, chicken and pork chops
Beef = $1.99 per lb; 306 cal per 4oz
Chicken = $1.69 per pound; 142 cal
per 3 oz
Pork chops = $1.99 per pound; 273
cal per 4oz
Questions
Determine the number of calories per
oz and the cost per oz and the cost
for one calorie of each item in your
group.
Let’s compare results
What is the significance for humans?
Final Food Web
Look at your product.
What is the source of your product?
Let’s arrange the products into a
food web.
Section 2
Objective #1 Examine the Three
Stages of the Carbon Cycle
The Carbon Cycle
Reusing and
recycling on a
global scale
The Process …
biogeochemical
cycle by which
carbon is
exchanged
between the
biosphere,
geosphere,
hydrosphere and
atmosphere of the
Earth
Stage 1
Atmosphere
Carbon exists in the Earth's
atmosphere primarily as the gas
carbon dioxide (CO2)
Stage 2
Carbon is taken from the atmosphere
in several ways:
When the sun is shining, plants
perform photosynthesis to convert
carbon dioxide into carbohydrates
Stage 2
Respiration
performed by
plants and
animals. This is
an exothermic
reaction and it
involves the
breaking down
of glucose
Stage 3
Decay
Fungi and
bacteria break
down the carbon
compounds in
dead animals
and plants and
convert the
carbon to carbon
dioxide
Objective #2 how are humans
affecting the Carbon cycle
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8
rodj6rHmtg
http://www.learningscience.org/esc3
bgeochemicalcycles.htm
Ending the carbon cycle and
Beginning the nitrogen cycle
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R
8-E6cDCr5U
Objective #3
What are the stages of the Nitrogen
cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
What is Nitrogen
Most abundant element in earth’s
atmosphere
Nitrogen makes up 78% of the
atmosphere
Nitrogen cannot be directly absorbed by
plants or animals…must be converted
Necessary to build amino acids and
proteins
Component
Input to soil
Loss from soil
The Nitrogen Cycle
Atmospheric
nitrogen
Atmospheric
fixation
and deposition
Industrial fixation
(commercial fertilizers)
Crop
harvest
Animal
manures
and biosolids
Volatilization
Plant
residues
Runoff and
erosion
Biological
fixation by
legume plants
Plant
uptake
Denitrification
Organic
nitrogen
Ammonium
(NH+4)
Nitrate
(NO-3)
Leaching
How Does the Nitrogen Cycle
Work?
1. Nitrogen Fixation
Special
bacteria
(nitrogen-fixing bacteria)
convert the atmospheric
nitrogen gas to ammonia
Nitrogen Fixation
Nodules on plant roots
2. Nitrification
Nitrification is the process by which
the ammonia is converted into
nitrate ions which can be used by
plants as nutrients
3. Ammonification
After all of the
living organisms
have used the
nitrogen,
decomposer
bacteria convert
the nitrogen rich
waste
compounds into
simpler ones
4. Denitrification
Bacteria convert
the simple
nitrogen
compounds back
into nitrogen gas
which is then
released back in
the atmosphere
http://www.learningscience.org/esc3
bgeochemicalcycles.htm
Objective
What are the stages of the
phosphorus cycle
Phosphorous Cycle
Phosphorous is an
element that is part
of many molecules
that are part of the
living cells
P Cycle-movement
of P from
environment to
organisms and
back again
Algal Bloom
Excessive
phosphorus or
nitrogen causes
a rapid and
overabundant
growth of algae
Depletes oxygen
Objective
Fertilizers effect on the nitrogen and
phosphorus cycles
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLC
KfDXAnD8
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4l1
3UNQYik
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSv
Huff0p48
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wcDHZ7Z-hQ
Section 3
Objective: List two examples of
ecological succession
Bell Ringer: Is our school
experiencing ecological succession?
Hallahan Area
http://maps.google.com/maps/ms
?source=s_q&hl=en&geocode=&ie
=UTF8&hq=&hnear=311+N+19th
+St,+Philadelphia,+Pennsylvania+
19103&msa=0&msid=204501115
781842674804.00049910006ee55
4cb7ab&ll=39.959688,75.169487&spn=0.008043,0.0137
97&z=16
Discussion
If the building were demolished in
June and the area fenced, how would
the area of Hallahan look in 1 month,
1 year, 5 years, 100 years?
***Ecological Succession
Gradual process
of change and
replacement of
the type of
species in a
community
2 Kinds of Succession
***Primary Succession – occurs on a
surface where no ecosystem existed
before…rocks, cliffs, sand dunes
Rocks, cliffs, sand dunes
More Common…
***Secondary Succession – occurs where
an ecosystem has previously existed
***Secondary Succession
Disturbed or
disrupted by:
1. humans
2. animals
3. natural
processes
storms, floods,
earthquakes,
volcanoes
***Pioneer Species
The first
organisms to
first colonize any
newly available
area
Lichen or
bacteria
Soil Formation
Lichen and
bacteria break
down the rock
surface
Mosses can now
thrive
Mosses decay
adds nutrients to
soil
Climax Community
Final and stable community
Old Field Succession
Occurs when farmland is abandoned
Grasses and Weeds develop,
Taller plants
Small trees
Forests
Mt St Helens 1980 and Today
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F
nDT_6V4qVw
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B
qZNF53EjM0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A
V5J8qD2hpg