Transcript nitro and carbon cycle 2015

Date
Session
4/21-22
4
4/23-24
5
Activity
page
Food Webs
Ecological Pyramids
8
Classwork Quiz
9
Carbon Cycle
10
Nitrogen Cycle
11
Warm Up:
Look at the warning label on your desk. Why are some types of fish included in the warning
And others are not?
Homework:
•Complete Bioaccumulation w/s…Show your work
•Be prepared for 35% nitrogen/carbon cycle mini-quiz next class
period (study jams)
•Nutrition/food retest Wednesday 4/29 am/pm/enrichment
8.L.3 Understand how organisms interact with and
respond to the biotic and abiotic components of
their environment
8.3.3 Explain how the flow of energy within food
webs is interconnected with the cycling of matter
(including water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and
oxygen)
TLW complete quiz about population dynamics &
food webs, then brainstorm Carbon and Nitrogen
cycles, & recreate those cycles in play doh quizzes
• Bioaccumulation: Process where plants/animals
take up a chemical from the environment and do
not excrete it. The chemical builds up in the
organisms over time to a potentially lethal level.
• Biomagnification: Higher concentrations of a
chemical in organisms at higher levels in the food
chain (at higher trophic levels.) As a result the
chemical’s concentration is magnified from trophic
level to trophic level.
• Available energy decreases as one moves up a
food chain, concentration of toxins increases
Putting together what you already know
• Energy is changed as it moves through a food web/chain.
• Energy flows one way, no recycling
• Matter is recycled as it moves through a food web.
The most common elements on earth are carbon, nitrogen,
oxygen and hydrogen. These elements, along with water,
cycle between biotic and abiotic elements of the
environment. This cycling is done through familiar
processes!
Carbon Cycle Diagram
•Recreate the carbon cycle with clay
•Use arrows and label the
processes the arrows represent
Carbon Cycle Notes
Carbon Cycle Diagram
Carbon Cycle Notes
Photosynthesis (plants):
Move C from air to living
organisms
Respiration (living things):
C moved into atmosphere &
oceans
Diffusion:
atmosphere C oceans
Decomposition:
Decomposers move C to soil,
atmosphere & oceans
Incomplete decay fossil fuel
storage of C (coal/oil)
Combustion:
Burning fossil fuels or other
organic material moves C into
atmosphere
OCEANS:
CO2 used in sea shells, also
ends up in sed. rock:
Photosynthesis moves C from the atmosphere & oceans into living organisms
CO2 + H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
Respiration moves C from the living organisms into the atmosphere & oceans
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O
Decomposition
Decomposers move C to soil,
atmosphere & oceans
Incomplete Decomposition
fossil fuel storage of C (coal/oil)
Carbon is also in the Oceans!!
Animals in the ocean also pull carbon from water
(dissolved CO2) to use in their shells (CaCO3)
When they die, their shells are deposited at the
bottom of the ocean. The shells become the
sedimentary rock: limestone.
Oceans contain earth’s LARGEST store of carbon
Nitrogen Cycle diagram
Nitrogen Cycle Notes
Nitrogen Cycle p11
Nitrogen Cycle Notes
Nitrogen fixation :
N2 in atmosphere is broken
down and bonded with H
or O (NH3/N2O)
• Bacteria
• Lightning
• Industrial
Ammonification bacteria
decompose plant and
animal matter into (NH4)
Nitrification
Bacteria convert NH3 
NO3
Denitrification = bacteria
convert NO3  N2
Nitrogen cycle
4 processes
Nitrogen fixation : N2 in atmosphere are broken
down and bonded with H or O (NH3/N2O)
– Special Bacteria
– Lightning
– Industrial
Ammonification (Decay) = decomposing plant and
animal matter into (NH4)
Nitrification = bacteria convert NH3 to NO3
Denitrification = bacteria convert NO3 into N2
Nitrogen Fixation
• Special bacteria live in the soil or on root nodules of legumes
(peas, beans, clover). They convert N2 to NH3. Now these special
plants are able to use the nitrogen. This is a symbiotic relationship!
Nitrification
Different bacteria in soil can
convert NH3 to NO3.
Other plants can now use
this form of Nitrogen.
Nitrogen Fixation
• Energy from lightning breaks nitrogen molecules
apart, so they can combine with oxygen (N2O),
then dissolve in rain to create (NO3), which is
carried to the ground with the rain and deposited
into the soil.
• Plants then absorb the nitrates and use them.
Nitrogen Fixation
Industrial Production
Chemical reactions are used to
change the bonding of N2
to NH3
(fertilizer)
Ammonification
Decomposition plant and animal matter into (NH4)
Denitrification
A third type of bacteria converts
nitrates (NO3) to atmospheric nitrogen
(N2), which is returned to the air!
Human Impact carbon
Fossil Fuel naturally release carbon very slowly BURNING fossil fuels
releases stored carbon very quickly. Burning anything (trees, oil, etc)
releases CO2 into the atmosphere.
1.CO2 gas dissolves in rain drops, making them more
acidic…acid rain affects plants & aquatic life
2.Increasing CO2 in the atmosphere increases global
warming.
3.As more CO2 dissolves into oceans, they become
more acidic (ocean acidification) Limestone and
SHELLS dissolve in acidic solutions.
Human Impact….nitrogen
Human activities have doubled the amount of fixed nitrogen entering the nitrogen
cycle in the past 100 years
•Fertilizer runoff into surface water causes algae
blooms…eutrophication (pond scum)
•Fertilizer increases the rate of nitrification in the
soil, increasing NOx to the air, which dissolves in
rain drops and causes acid rain
Stop motion paper nitrogen cycle video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GLIzlUD-zw
Study videos
http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_s
hare/vis_sim/em05_pg20_nitrogen/em05_pg20
_nitrogen.swf
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jam
s/science/index.htm