Transcript File - Clements Agriculture

Livestock
Diseases
Nutritional
Anemia
• Cause- All far animals are
acceptable.
• Symptoms- Characterized by
general weakness and a lack
of vigor; iron deficiency
prevents the formation of
hemoglobin, a red iron
containing pigment in the
red blood cells responsible
for carrying oxygen to the
cells.
• Preventive & Control- A
balanced ration will prevent
anemia.
Bloat
• Cause- Typically occurs
when animals are grazing
on highly productive
pastures during the wetter
part of late spring and
summer.
• Symptoms- Swollen
abdomen on the left side,
labored breathing, profuse
salivation, groaning, lack of
appetite, and stiffness.
• Preventive & ControlMaintain pastures composed
of 50% or more grass.
Colic
• Cause- Improper
feeding.
• Symptoms- Pain,
sweating,
constipation, kicking,
and groaning.
• Preventive & ControlCareful feeding.
Enterotoxemia
• Cause- Bacteria &
overeating.
• Symptoms- Constipation
is an early symptom and
is sometimes followed by
diarrhea.
• Preventive & ControlBacterin or antitoxin
vaccine should be used at
the beginning of the
feeding period.
Founder
• Cause- Overeating of
grain, and lush, highly
improved pasture grasses.
• Symptoms- Affected
animals experience pain
and may have fever as
high as 106 degrees.
• Preventive & ControlGood management and
feeding practices will
prevent the disease.
Viral
Cholera
• Cause- Filterable virus.
• Symptoms- Loss of
appetite, high fever,
reddish-purplish
patchwork of coloration
on the difficulty and a
wobbly gait.
• Preventive & ControlVaccine is available; no
effective treatment,
producers should use
good management.
Equine Encephalomyelitis
• Cause- Viruses classified
as group A and B cause
the disease, bloodsucking
insects, such as
mosquito's.
• Symptoms- Fever,
impaired vision, irregular
gait, muscle spasms, a
pendulous lower lip,
walking aimlessly.
• Preventive & ControlVaccine.
Hemorrhagic Septicemia
• Cause- Bacterium, which
seems to multiply rapidly
when animals are subject
to stress conditions.
• Symptoms- Fever,
difficulty breathing,
coughing, discharge from
eyes and nose.
• Preventive & ControlVaccination prior to
shipping or other periods
of stress.
Newcastle
• Cause- Poultry disease
caused by a virus which is
spread by contaminated
equipment or mechanical
means.
• Symptoms- Chicks will make
circular movements, walk
backwards, fall, twist their
necks so that there necks or
on there backs, cough and
sneeze, high fever and
diarrhea.
• Preventive & ControlVaccines, antibiotics used
during early stages of
disease.
Warts
• Cause- By a virus.
• Symptoms- Protruding
growths on the skin.
• Preventive & ControlUnknown preventive
measures; most
effective means is
with a vaccine.
Bacterial
Pneumonia
• Cause- Bacteria, fungi,
dust, or other foreign
matter; the bacterium,
pasteuralla multiocida, is
often responsible for the
disease.
• Symptoms- General
dullness, failing appetite,
fever and difficulty
breathing.
• Preventive & ControlProper housing
ventilation, sanitation,
and antibiotics.
Tetanus
• Cause- A spore forming
anaerobe bacterium is the
cause; the spores may be
found in the soil and feces
of animals.
• Symptoms- Difficulty
swallowing, stiff muscles,
and muscle spasms.
• Preventive & ControlImmunizing animals with
a tetanus toxoid.
Anthrax
• Cause- A spore- forming
bacterium causes the
disease.
• Symptoms- fever, swelling
in the lower body region, a
bloody discharge,
staggering, trembling,
difficulty breathing, and
convulsive movements.
• Preventive & ControlAnnual vaccination, manure
and contaminated materials
should be burned and area
disinfected, insects should
be controlled.
Blackleg
• Cause- (cattle-sheep)- Spore
forming bacterium, which
remains permanently in an
area; the germ has an
incubation period of 1-5 days
and is taken into the body from
contaminated soils and water.
• Symptoms- Lameness,
followed by depression and
fever; the muscles in the hip,
shoulder, chest back, and neck
swell; sudden death within 3
days of onset of symptoms.
• Preventive & Control- Vaccine
Brucellosis
• Cause- Bacteria; brucella
abortus is the bacterium.
• Symptoms- Abortion of
the immature fetus is the
only sign in some
animals.
• Preventive & ControlVaccinating calves with
Br. Abortus will prevent
cattle from contacting this
disease; infected cattle
must be slaughtered.
Distemper
•
•
•
Cause- (Horses)- Contagious,
exposure to cold, wet weather,
fatigue, and an infection of the
respiratory tract aid in spreading
the disease.
Symptoms- Increased respiratory
rate, depression, loss of appetite,
and discharge of pus from the
nose are visible symptoms;
infected animals will have fever
and swollen lymph glands,
located under the jaw.
Preventive & Control- Animals
with disease should be isolated,
provided with rest, protected
from the weather, and treated
with antibiotics.
Erysepelas
• Cause- a resistant bacterium
capable of living several
months in barnyard litter.
• Symptoms- Three forms:
acute, subacute and diamond
skin form; acute symptoms
are a high fever, constipation,
diarrhea, and reddish patches
on the skin; subacute- is
usually localized in an organ
such as the heart, bladder,
and joint; sloughing off of the
skin is common.
• Preventive & Control- antiswine erysepelasserum
Leptospirosis
• Cause- Bacterium found
in the blood, urine, and
milk of infected animals.
• Symptoms- Abortion and
sterility; symptoms are
blood- tinged milk and
urine.
• Preventive & ControlSusceptible animals
should be vaccinated.
Tuberculosis
•
•
•
Cause- human, bovine, and
avian; the human type rarely
produces TB in lower animals,
but the bovine type is capable of
producing the disease in most
warm- blooded producers the
disease in birds and swine.
Symptoms- Lungs are affected;
however, other organs may be
affected; some animals will
show no symptoms; others will
appear unthrifty and have a
cough.
Preventive & ControlMaintaining a sanitary
environment and comfortable
quarters will help in preventing
the disease.
Pullorum
•
•
•
Cause- Poultry disease- caused by
a bacterium which is capable of
living for months in a dormant
state in damp, sheltered places; the
germs infect the ovary and are
transmitted to the chicks through
the eggs.
Symptoms- Infected chicks huddle
together with their eyes closed,
wings drooped, feathers ruffled,
and foamy droppings.
Preventive & Control- Blood test
is required for positive
identification of the disease;
disposal of infected hens will aid
in preventing the disease; chicks
should be purchased from a
certified pullorum- free hatchery.
Fungal
Diseases
Foot Rot
• Cause- A fungi common to
filth is responsible for foot
rot; animals are most apt to
contact foot rot when they
are forced to live in wet,
muddy, and unsanitary lots
for long periods of time.
• Symptoms- Skin near the
hoof- line is red, swollen
and often has small lesions.
• Preventive & ControlMaintaining clean, well
drained lots is an easy
method of preventing foot
rot.
Calf Diphtheria
• Cause- Fungal disease that
lives in soil, litter, and
unclean stables and enters the
body through wounds.
• Symptoms- Difficulty
breathing, eating, drinking,;
patches of yellowish, dead
tissue appear on the edges of
the tongue, gums, and throat;
and there is often discharge.
• Preventive & ControlDiseased tissue is removed to
expose healthy tissue, which
is treated by swabbing it with
tincture of iodine.
Protozoa
Coccidiosis(pertaining to
poultry)
•
•
•
Cause- Protozoan of which several
species is responsible.
Symptoms- Two forms- cecae and
intestinal; cecae is the acute from
which develops rapidly and causes
high mortality rate; bloody
droppings and sudden death.
Intestinal coccidiosis is chronic in
nature; and its symptoms are loss
of appetite, weakness, pale comb,
and low production; few deaths
occur from the latter form.
Preventive & Control- Disease is
transmitted by the droppings of
infested birds, maintaining
sanitary conditions and the feeding
of a coccidiostat will prevent the
disease.
Unknown
Causes
Atrophic Rhinitis
• Cause- Have not been
determined; it is
contagious, especially in
young pigs, and spread by
direct contact.
• Symptoms- Affects the
bone structure of the
nasal passages; the snout
will be twisted and
wrinkled.
• Preventive & ControlSanitation is important in
prevention. There is no
specific treatment .
Bibliography
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http://www.montgomerycollege.edu/~wolexik/Sickle%20Cell%20Anemia-1000x.jpg
http://www.meenophoto.com/vividamerica/images/Bloat.jpg
http://www.acvs.org/UploadedImages/HealthConditions/colic_fig14.jpg
http://www.viarural.com.ar/viarural.com.ar/insumosagropecuarios/ganaderos/laboratorio%20vet/isg/bovinos/entero
toxemia02.jpg
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http://www.phschool.com/science/planetdiary/jpeg06/cholera.jpg
http://www.cdc.gov/NCIDOD/EID/vol8no3/images/01-0199-1b.jpg
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http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalH/diseases/images/v2/nd4.jpg
http://www.sonic.net/dana/fawns/warts.jpg
http://www.uiowa.edu/~cemrf/archive/sem/large/Pneumonia.gif
http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/epidemic/section_04/images/tetanus.jpg
http://www.zkea.com/images/anthrax.jpg
http://home.megapass.co.kr/~sgh3533/images/Blackleg11.jpg
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http://www.pitbullregistry.com/images/canine%20distemper.jpg
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http://www.poultry.150m.com/salpulljoint.jpg
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