Carbohydrates
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Transcript Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Regents Biology
CH2OH
H
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
HO
Carbohydrates:
Energy molecules
Regents Biology
2006-2007
H
OH
Carbohydrates
Building block molecules = sugars
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar
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Carbohydrates
Function:
quick energy
energy storage
structure
Example
glucose
C6H12O6
sucrose
sugars
starches
cellulose (cell wall)
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starch
Sugars = building blocks
Names for sugars usually end in -ose
glucose
fructose
sucrose
maltose
CH2OH
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H
O
H
OH
H
H
OH
HO
H
OH
glucose
C6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
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Building carbohydrates
Synthesis
monosaccharides
|
glucose
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|
glucose
2 sugars =
disaccharide
|
maltose
Building carbohydrates
Synthesis
monosaccharides
|
glucose
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|
fructose
2 sugars =
disaccharide
|
sucrose
(table sugar)
BIG carbohydrates
Starch
energy storage in plants
potatoes
Glycogen
energy storage in animals
in liver & muscles
Cellulose
structure in plants
cell walls
Chitin
structure in arthropods & fungi
exoskeleton
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Building BIG carbohydrates
glucose + glucose + glucose… = polysaccharide
starch
(plant)
energy
storage
glycogen
(animal)
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Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starch
easy to
digest
cellulose
hard to
digest
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enzyme
enzyme
Cellulose
Cell walls in plants
herbivores can digest cellulose
most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
that’s why they
eat meat to get
their energy &
nutrients
cellulose = roughage
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Helpful bacteria
How can cows digest cellulose?
bacteria live in their stomachs & help digest
cellulose-rich (grass) meals (symbiosis)
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