Transcript Brucellosis Clinical picture

21/1/2008
Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)
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Brucellosis
By
Dr. Salwa Tayel
Associate Professor
Family and Community Medicine Department
King Saud University
21/1/2008
Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)
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Brucellosis (Malta fever)
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Brucellosis is primarily a disease affecting
animals. It can be transmitted to humans.
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It is an old disease, Sir David Bruce, isolated the
causative agent from a soldier in Malta in 1886
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It remains the commonest zoonotic disease
worldwide.
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Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)
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Brucellosis Clinical picture
• An illness characterized by
– acute or gradual onset of fever,
– night sweats,
– undue fatigue,
– anorexia,
– weight loss,
– headache, and
– arthralgia
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Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)
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The new global map of human brucellosis 2006
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Dr. Salwa Tayel (Brucellosis)
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Agent:
Brucella species; bacteria
Reservoir:
Cattle, Sheep and Goat & camel, Swine, …….
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The most important routes of animal to
human transmission of Brucella
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1. Ingestion
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Consumption of potentially
infected unpasteurized milk, milk
products, or meat.
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Unpasteurized cheese, called
"village cheese," from endemic
areas is a particular risk for
tourists.
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2. Direct contact with infected animals,
aborted fetus, the placenta and the
discharge from vagina.
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Accidental self inoculation of
vaccines.
High Risk Groups
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slaughter-house workers, meat
inspectors, animal handlers and
veterinarians.
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3. Inhalation of aerosols containing the bacteria
– aerosol contamination of the conjunctiva
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In the lab, transmission is via aerosolization
High Risk Groups
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Laboratory workers.
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Transmission
• In the Middle East and Africa ingestion of
contaminated dairy products is an important route
of infection.
• In USA, Human brucellosis is primarily an
occupational hazard (Lab, Vet)
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Prevention
1. Eradication of brucellosis in animals is
the key to prevention in humans.
• surveillance, serologic testing, quarantine
and massive immunization of animals in
areas with high infection rates
• legislation to control marketing and
movement of animals.
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Prevention
2. Brucellosis acquired from milk is preventable
• Legislation to pasteurization of milk and dairy
products.
• Public health education to avoid drinking untreated
milk and dairy products.
3. Health education for those occupationally at risk
(Use of Safety measures).
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Vaccination?!
• A human Brucella vaccine does not exist .
• For animals: all are live-attenuated.
• Currently, B. abortus RB51 is used to
immunize cattle
• B. melitensis REV.1 is used to immunize
goats and sheep.
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Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Thank you
[email protected]
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