Transcript Meet the Jovians` Hot Siblings DONT ERASE

Meet the Jovians’ Hot Siblings
Jack Koloskus
Kat O’brien
Polly Adams
Tay Branson-Young
Ours
• There are four Jovian planets that everybody
knows and loves. Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus and
Neptune.
Facts about Our Jovian Friends
• They are all composed of mainly the same
chemical substances: Hydrogen and Helium.
• Though Jupiter is much larger than the other
three, all four planets are gaseous and are
made out of generally the same chemicals
with small variations.
• All four are the outer planets of our solar
system.
Theirs
• In recent time scientists have been able to
search outside of our solar systems and into
others, and were surprised to see they found
other planets that vaguely resemble our own
Jovians. Hundreds of these strange new
planets have been found around stars the
same size or smaller than our own we call the
sun. The majority of these planets have been
filed under the category of “Hot jupiters”.
Always on the search…
• Though there are hundreds (506 as of
December 6th, 2010) of planets that we have
discovered in the search for planets like our
own, only a few have been terrestrial or even
remotely Earth-like.
• Fortunately for this investigation, most that
have been found are quite large and jovianlike.
Detection methods…
• When trying to find planets in other solar
systems, scientists use many devices that
detect…
– Radial velocity
– Gravitational Microlensing
– Pulsar Timing
– Etc.
Radial Velocity
• Radial Velocity is the effect that a planet and a
star have on each other.
• Most people are already aware of the star’s
effect on the planet, but they are unaware of
how the planet affects the star.
• As the planet goes around the star, it
pulls the star slightly closer.
Gravitational Microlensing
• Gravitational Microlensing relies on the fact
that light is warped by gravity.
Light
Massive Object
The gravity magnifies the light of distant objects, and makes things visible that we
could not otherwise see.
Pulsars
• Pulsars work just like sonar detection does.
Neutron Stars emit radio waves, and we can
detect planets based on the radio waves
bouncing off of them.
• Observing the change of the sonar helps us
track the orbital location of both the star and
the planet.
Extra-solar Jovain Like Planet
Classifications
• As far as science has taken us, we do not yet
have the technology to discover as many facts
about extra-solar planets as we have the
planets in our own solar system.
• Scientists have classified two different types of
jovian like planets that lie beyond our solar
system: Hot Neptunes and Hot Jupiters.
Hot Jupiters
• Hot Jupiters are essentially gas planets similar
in size to Jupiter, but are much closer to their
parent starts.
• They are, in essence, the hot sisters of our
planets.
Yep.
TrES-4b
Due to technological
shortcomings, we cannot see
what TrES-4b looks like in
visible light, only get an
estimation on its size.
TrES-4b is insanely large.
• While Jupiter is 5.3 AU away from its parent
star, TrES-4b is 0.053 AU away from its parent
star.
Jupiter
Our Sun
In this model, the
planet/star sizes aren’t to
scale, but the distance
between them is.
TrES-4b
TrES-4
Continued
• Discovered in 2006, the planet orbits its star is
a quick 3.5 days and is 1.919 times the size of
our own gaseous giant, Jupiter. When viewed
at the right time, TrES-4b creates a total
eclipse of its star (Which is saying something
considering how close the hot-jupiter is to its
star).
Hot Neptunes
Hot Neptunes are Jovian-like planets that
orbit their parent stars very closely.
• Their mass and size more closely resembles
that of Neptune and Uranus rather than the
large size of Saturn and Jupiter.
• Unlike Neptune and Uranus, these planets are
assumed to be very hot in temperature
because they are so close to their stars.
More about them…
• The mass of a hot Neptune resembles the core
and envelope mass of Uranus and Neptune,
and are assumed to be covered in similar
gasses to them as well (Though we are unsure
due to insufficient technologies)
Mu Arae C
• Mu Arae C was the first extra-solar Jovian like
planets that scientists classified as a Hot
Neptune.
• Like hot Jupiters, hot Neptunes revolve around
their stars very quickly. Mu Arae C revolves
around it’s star in an astonishing 9.6 days.
So…
• Yep. Planets outside our solar system closely
resemble our own.
• They’re mostly vast and gaseous, but
somehow orbit very close to their parent
stars.
• This raises the question…
HOW DID OUR JOVIAN PLANETS COME TO
ORBIT SO FAR FROM THE SUN?
Think about it.